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Strong metal–support interactions involving electron and oxygen transfer in Pd/C (no leaching but less active) and Pd/CeO2 (active but leaching) catalysts determine their catalytic performance in the catalytic wet air oxidation of amide. To control these two types of interactions, the triple-layer structure Pd/CeO2/C, where Pd is predominantly located on CeO2 and CeO2 on a C support, was designed and prepared. As a result, the electrons could be transferred from carbon to Pd via CeO2 for excellent leaching resistance, while oxygen was transferred from CeO2 to Pd for high oxidation activity. In addition, both of these interactions could be easily adjusted by changing the amount of CeO2.

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