Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)1 represent a large subfamily of the transforming growth factor ␤ (TGF-␤) superfamily of ligands, which also includes TGF-␤1, -␤2, -␤3, activins, inhibins, growth and differentiation factors, nodal, Vg1, and Mullerian-inhibiting substance (1). These cytokines play a key role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and patterning during development and in adult tissues (2-4). Like other members of the TGF-␤ superfamily, BMPs exert their effects through a common signal transduction pathway (1). Signaling is initiated when ligand binds to combinations of two type I and two type II serine/threonine kinase receptors. Thus far, three type I receptors (BMPRIA/ALK3, BMPRIB/ALK6, and ALK2) and three type II receptors (BMP type II receptor (BMPRII), activin type IIA receptor (ActRIIA), and activin type IIB receptor (ActRIIB)) have been identified for BMP subfamily ligands. Ligand binding activates the receptor complex by inducing phosphorylation of the type I receptor by the type II receptor. Phosphorylated type I receptors then phosphorylate receptor-activated Smad1, 5, and 8

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: Multiple studies on the pathomechanisms of depressive disorder and antidepressants have been reported. However, literature involving scientometric analysis of depressive disorder is sparse. Here, we use scientometric analysis and a historical review to highlight recent research on depression. We use the former to examine research on depressive disorders from 1998 to 2018. The latter is used to identify the most frequent keywords in keyword analysis, as well as explore hotspots and depression trends. Scientometric analysis uncovered field distribution, knowledge structure, research topic evolution, and topics emergence as main explorations in depressive disorder. Induction factor, comorbidity, pathogenesis, therapy and animal models of depression help illustrate occurrence, development and treatment of depressive disorder. Scientometric analysis found 231,270 research papers on depression, a 4-fold increase over the last 20 years. These findings offer a vigorous roadmap for further studies in this field.

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