Background and purposeDiabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common metabolic disorder that is characterized by hyperglycemia, it can be categorized by T1DM and T2DM. T1DM is also reported to cause bone loss. However, most reports regarding this aspect of T1DM have only investigated a single site; a comparison of bone loss from different areas of the body is still lacking.MethodsThirty-five 12-week-old Sprague Dawley® (SD) rats were separated to seven groups. Five rats were euthanized without any surgery at 0 weeks for histological examination and determination of baseline characteristics. In 15 of the rats, DM was induced via Streptozotocin (STZ)-injection, and they were separated to 3 groups (4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks after STZ-injection). The remaining 15 rats were used as the control group (4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks after saline-injection). We tested bone-mass loss at four skeletal sites, the tibia, the femur greater trochanter, the spine, and the mandibular bones using micro-computed tomography (CT) and histological tests.ResultsTibia was influenced the most obvious(BV/TV decreased by 27.3%, 52.5%, and 81.2% at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks, respectively. p<0.05). In contrast, the other three sites were influenced to a lesser extent and bone loss became prominent at a later time point according to the histological and micro-CT tests(Femur: BV/TV did not decrease significantly at the first month or second month. However, and decreased by 49.4% at the third month, P<0.05. Mandible: the BV/TV only decreased by 6.5% at 1 month after STZ-injection. There was still a significant difference between the second and third months. The BV/TV decreased by 47.0% and 68.1% at 2 months and 3 months, respectively, (p<0.05) Spine: the BV/TV only decreased by 6.7%. However, significant change was observed in the spine at the second month and third month after STZ injection. The BV/TV decreased by 45.4% and 64.3%, respectively, p<0.05).ConclusionThe results indicate that T1DM can severely influence the bone structure of the 4 skeletal sites. Further, areas with dense trabecular bones were influenced less and at a later time point in comparison to the tibial region.Clinical relevanceOur research can serve as a guide to help increase the success rate of implant treatment, and help decrease the fracture risk in different bone types with greater accuracy.
In this work, the micro-photoluminescence (PL) technique is applied to study the thermal transport properties of single-layer transition-metal dichalcogenide materials WS2 grown by chemical vapor deposition. By comparing the temperature-dependent Raman spectrum with the PL spectrum, we prove that the PL implementation can provide both higher temperature sensitivity (4–5 times) and stronger signal response (∼100 times), which may largely reduce the uncertainties and time consumption for thermal conductivity measurements. By use of temperature- and power-dependent PL measurements, the in-plane thermal conductivity of the suspended single-layer WS2 is derived as ∼63 ± 7 W/m·K. Moreover, by examining the power-dependent PL response of the SiO2/Si substrate-supported single-layer WS2 using different sizes of laser spot radius, the thermal conductivity κ and the interface thermal conductance g of the supported single-layer WS2 are determined as ∼32.8 ± 3.8 W/m·K and 4.4 ± 0.4 KW/m2·K simultaneously, respectively. Our research demonstrates that the micro-PL approach can be an effective contactless way to investigate the thermal transport properties of single- and few-layer TMDC materials.
ObjectiveTo investigate dentists’ psychological status and influencing factors in Shaanxi Province during the COVID-19 epidemic and assess their perceived wellness.MethodsThe study was conducted among dentists from Shaanxi Province in China. The basic information was collected through the network questionnaire star platform. Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-42) and Perceived Wellness Survey (PWS) were used to assess subjects’ psychological status and perceived wellness. Univariate linear regression analysis and multivariate analysis were performed on the influencing factors of depression, anxiety, and stress, and t-test and analysis of variance were used to analyze the perceived wellness results.ResultsThe results demonstrated that 33.2% of the surveyed dentists were in a state of depression, 37.1% were anxious, and 34.4% reported stress among 256 subjects. Linear Regression analysis results showed that: “years of working,” “the impact of COVID-19 on their life, work, and sleep,” “worrying about occupational exposure/virus infection,” “lacking the awareness of prevention and control measures,” “overtime work during the epidemic,” “worrying about participating in the supporting work,” and “continuous exhaustion from work” were significant contributors to depression, anxiety, and stress status. In addition, the results of PWS found that each dimension of PWS was correlated with depression, anxiety, and stress state, which indicates the individual’s physical and mental health state was associated with multiple factors.ConclusionCOVID-19 has significantly impacted dentists’ mental health in Shaanxi Province. With these findings, we aim to educate and promote targeted interventions that can be utilized to improve dentists’ mental health by analyzing the influencing factors.
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