The problem of adaptive estimation of constant parameters in the linear regressor model is studied without the hypothesis that regressor is Persistently Excited (PE). First, the initial vector estimation problem is transformed to a series of the scalar ones using the method of Dynamic Regressor Extension and Mixing (DREM). Second, several adaptive estimation algorithms are proposed for the scalar scenario. In such a case, if the regressor may be nullified asymptotically or in a finite time, then the problem of estimation is also posed on a finite interval of time. Robustness of the proposed algorithms with respect to measurement noise and exogenous disturbances is analyzed. The efficiency of the designed estimators is demonstrated in numeric experiments for an academic example.

This paper describes for the first time the combination of a polymerizable surfactant, sodium 2-acrylamido-dodecane sulfonate (NaAMC12S), and a hydrophobic monomer to prepare water-soluble associating polymer via a new micellar process. In this method, the hydrophobic monomer, N-dodecylacrylamide (C12AM) or N,N-didodecylacrylamide (DiC12AM), was first solubilized within NaAMC12S micelles, whereas the hydrophilic monomer acrylamide (AM) was dissolved in the aqueous continuous medium. The micellar copolymerization, therefore, resulted in a ternary hydrophobic association polyacrylamide (HAPAM), namely, C12AM/NaAMC12S/AM or DiC12AM/ NaAMC12S/AM. The chemical structures of these ternary copolymers were characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and their hydrophobic associative behavior as well as the relationship between microstructure and hydrophobic associative property was studied by a combination of the fluorescence probe technique and viscosimetry. The experimental result shows, with the presented polymerizable surfactant or surface-active monomer NaAMC12S, the micellar copolymerization of AM and hydrophobic monomer can be favorably realized. In addition, the surface-active monomer can be incorporated into the polymer backbone to result in the ternary copolymers, which show a much stronger hydrophobic associative property in comparison with the binary copolymer obtained in the conventional micellar copolymerization system with common surfactants. More importantly, this new micellar copolymerization system is simple because the complicated process to remove the surfactant is avoided. We found that the hydrophobic associative property of the obtained ternary HAPAM is strongly affected by the hydrophobe content and the length of hydrophobic microblocks in the polymer backbone.

Joint pricing and power allocation for multibeam satellite systems with dynamic game model

Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) and in situ crosslinking of the formed nanoparticles are successfully realized by activators regenerated by electron-transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP) of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) or a mixture of GMA/benzyl methacrylate (BnMA) monomers in ethanol. Poly(oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate) was employed as macroinitiator/stabilizer, and a cupric bromide/tris(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine complex as catalyst. Tin (2-ethylhexanoate) was used as reducing agent for ARGET ATRP, and simultaneously acted as a catalyst for ring-opening polymerization of oxirane ring in GMA. The kinetics shows that the double bond in GMA was completely polymerized in 4.0 h, while only a 33% conversion of oxirane ring in GMA was reached at 117.0 h. Such a large difference would guarantee a smooth PISA and a subsequent in situ crosslinking of formed nanoparticles. The transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering show spherical nanoparticles formed. With a feed molar ratio [BnMA] /[GMA] = 150/50, 100/100, and 50/150, the nanoparticles formed in ethanol can dissociate or swell in toluene. When pure GMA was used, the solid nanoparticles were observed in toluene or ethanol. The ARGET ATRP provides an efficient strategy to stabilize the nanoparticles formed in the PISA of GMA-containing system.