ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between tumour budding, clinicopathological characteristics of patients and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer.Study designA retrospective study was used.ParticipantsWe selected 532 patients with non-small cell lung cancer from China, including 380 patients with adenocarcinoma and 152 with squamous cell carcinoma.Primary and secondary outcome measuresTumour budding was visible using H&E staining as well as pancytokeratin staining. The count data and measurement data were compared using the χ2 test and the t-test, respectively. The overall survival rate was the follow-up result. The survival curves were drawn using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the differences between groups were analysed using the log-rank method. The independent prognostic factor of patients with lung cancer was determined using a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsIn patients with lung adenocarcinoma, there was a correlation between tumour budding and spread through air spaces (OR 36.698; 95% CI 13.925 to 96.715; p<0.001), and in patients with squamous cell carcinoma, tumour budding state was closely related to the peritumoural space (OR 11.667; 95% CI 4.041 to 33.683; p<0.001). On Cox regression analysis, multivariate analysis showed that tumour budding, pleural and vascular invasion, spread through air spaces, tumour size, lymph node metastasis, and tumour node metastasis stage were independent risk factors of prognosis for patients with non-small cell lung cancer.ConclusionsAs an effective and simple pathological diagnostic index, it is necessary to establish an effective grading system in the clinical diagnosis of lung cancer to verify the value of tumour budding as a prognostic indicator. We hope that this analysis of Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer can provide useful reference material for the continued study of tumour budding.
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is still one of the illnesses with the greatest mortality and morbidity. As a recently identified mode of cellular death, the activation of ferroptosis may promote the effectiveness of antitumor therapies in several types of tumors. However, the expression and clinical significance of Ferroptosis-associated genes in LUAD are still elusive. The RNA sequencing data of LUAD and relevant clinical data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. Subsequently, potential prognostic biomarkers were determined by the use of biological information technology. The R software package “ggalluvial” was applied to structure Sanguini diagram. Herein, our team screened 14 dysregulated ferroptosis-associated genes in LUAD. Among them, only four genes were associated with clinical outcome of LUAD patients, including ATP5MC3, FANCD2, GLS2, and SLC7A11. In addition, we found that high SLC7A11 expression predicted an advanced clinical progression in LUAD patients. Additionally, 8 immune checkpoint genes and 7 immune cells for LUAD were recognized to be related to the expression of SLC7A11. KEGG assays indicated that high expression of SLC7A11 might participate in the modulation of intestinal immune network for IgA generation and Staphylococcus aureus infection. Overall, our findings revealed that SLC7A11 might become a potentially diagnostic biomarker and SLC7A11 might serve as an independent prognosis indicator for LUAD.
ObjectiveSNRPA1, a subunit of spliceosome complex, has been implicated in diverse cancers, while its biological effect in LUAD remains elusive. Therefore, we sought to decipher the relationship between SNRPA1 expression and the prognosis of patients with LUAD and reveal the underlying molecular mechanism.Materials and methodsBased on the clinical data from TCGA databases, the multivariate Cox model was constructed to screen the prognostic value of SNRPA1. qRT‐PCR and immunohistochemical staining were used to examine SNRPA1 mRNA and protein expression in LUAD. The effect of SNRPA1 on LUAD cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial mesenchymal transformation were examined using colony formation assays, wound healing, and western blot assays, respectively. Finally, the influence of SNRPA1 on LUAD immune microenvironment were validated from the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource database.ResultsSNRPA1 was significantly upregulated in both LUAD tissues and cell lines, and highly expressed SNRPA1 contributed to poor prognosis of LUAD patients. In vitro, SNRPA1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and migration, as well as delayed the EMT differentiation of LUAD cells. Lastly, SNRPA1 was found to be positively associated with immune infiltration and some immune‐check‐point markers.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that SNRPA1 may be a new biomarker for prognostic prediction and a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of LUAD.
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