Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are one of the most promising next‐generation energy storage systems due to their ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity. However, their practical applications are seriously hindered by some inevitable disadvantages such as the insulative nature of sulfur and Li2S, volume expansion of the cathode, the shuttle effect of polysulfides, and the growth of lithium dendrites on the anode. Of these, the polysulfide shuttle effect is one of the most critical issues causing the irreversible loss of active materials and rapid capacity degradation of batteries. Herein, modified separators with functional coatings inhibiting the migration of polysulfides are enumerated based on three effects toward polysulfides: the adsorption effect, separation effect, and catalytic effect. To solve the shuttle effect problem, researchers have replaced liquid electrolytes with solid‐state electrolytes. In this review, solid‐state electrolytes for lithium–sulfur batteries are grouped into three categories: inorganic solid electrolytes, solid polymer electrolytes, and composite solid electrolytes. Challenges and perspectives regarding the development of an optimized strategy to inhibit the polysulfide shuttle for enhancing cycle stability in lithium–sulfur batteries are also proposed.

Fuel cells are considered as renewable and clean energy sources to replace dwindling fossil fuel resources. However, the sluggish reaction kinetics of anodic fuel oxidation and cathodic oxygen reduction reactions...

The development of the electrocatalyst-integrated electrodes with HER/OER bifunctional activity is desirable to reduce the cost and simplify the system of the practical water electrolyzers. Herein, we construct a new type of Ni3Fe1–x Cr x (0 ≤ x < 0.3) intermetallic integrated electrodes for overall water splitting via an ultrafast carbothermal shock method. The obtained Ni3Fe0.9Cr0.1/CACC electrode exhibits the optimum performance among all developed electrocatalyst electrodes in this work, and the overpotential is merely 239 mV for OER and 128 mV for HER at 10 mA cm–2. In addition, the Ni3Fe0.9Cr0.1/CACC electrode shows excellent durability during both OER and HER stability tests at a high current density of 100 mA cm–2. An electrolyzer, which was assembled with Ni3Fe0.9Cr0.1/CACC electrodes as both the anode and cathode, operates with a low cell voltage of 1.59 V at 10 mA cm–2. It has been found that the impressive OER activity of Ni3Fe0.9Cr0.1 nanoparticles (NPs) can be ascribed to the stimulative formation of the OER-active Ni3+/Fe3+ species by the substituted Cr, while the enhanced HER activity is caused by the Cr substitution, which decreases the water dissociation energy barrier. This work provides an ultrafast and facile strategy to develop electrocatalyst-integrated electrodes with low cost and impressive HER/OER bifunctional performance for overall water splitting.