PurposeThis study aimed to explore the relationship between job insecurity and unsafe behaviour in human–machine collaboration, as well as investigating the mediating roles of emotional exhaustion and moderating roles of psychological detachment.Design/methodology/approachThe authors followed the stressor-detachment model to build our research model. The authors selected manufacturing and service industry employees as samples, and designed three independent studies using the time-lagged method for SPSS and AMOS to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results indicated that emotional exhaustion mediated the relationship between the two types of job insecurity and unsafe behaviours among service industry employees, while psychological detachment moderated the effect of qualitative job insecurity on emotional exhaustion. In manufacturing, psychological detachment moderated the effect of quantitative job insecurity on emotional exhaustion, while emotional exhaustion mediated the relationship between quantitative job insecurity and unsafe behaviours.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors enhance understandings of how individual employee characteristics and the work environment jointly influence employees' levels of emotional exhaustion and likelihood of engaging in unsafe behaviours under the stressor-detachment model.Practical implicationsThe authors suggest an important role of psychological detachment in human–machine collaboration. The authors also that organisations and managers could encourage employees not to check work-related emails on weekends to achieve full detachment.Originality/valueThis study contributes to both the stressor-detachment model and job insecurity literature. In addition, it investigates the role of detachment and emotional exhaustion by employees in human–machine collaboration.

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PurposeThis study aims to systematically map the state of work on human–machine collaboration in organizations using bibliometric analysis.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a systematic literature review to survey 111 articles on human–machine collaboration published in leading journals to categorize the theories used and to construct a framework of human–machine collaboration in organizations. A bibliometric analysis is applied to statistically evaluate the published materials and measure the influence of the publications using co-citation, coupling and keyword analyses.FindingsThe results inform that the research on human–machine collaboration in the organizational field is targeted at four aspects: performance, innovation, human resource management and information technology (IT).Originality/valueThis work is the first exploratory piece to assess the extent and depth of research on human–machine collaboration.

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Using a new systematic method based on text mining and econometric analysis, this paper performs an empirical analysis on the text data and panel data of 195 enterprises in China’s 23 manufacturing sub-sectors from 2011 to 2020, constructs the evaluation index system of sustainable development ability (SDA) of manufacturing enterprises and then uses the non-parametric Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon tests of inter-group means and the polynomial Logit regression clustering to comparatively analyze the impacts of pure manufacturing (P-), servitization (S-), digitalization (D-) and digital servitization (DS-) paths on the SDA of manufacturing enterprises. The results show that, in terms of profitability as well as each social and environmental dimension, the S-, D- and DS-paths are better choices than the P-path, while, in terms of production ability, debt-paying ability and development ability, there may be “digitalization paradox” or “digital servitization paradox”, but no evidence of “servitization paradox” is found. According to the research results, enterprises should comprehensively evaluate their internal and external conditions, deeply understand the prerequisites and requirements of each development path, actively predict and respond to the risks and challenges they face, be fully prepared and maintain a cautious attitude.