A single bolus of i.v. ketamine 1 or 2 mg/kg for anesthetic induction results in a lower incidence of OCR than propofol when combined with sevoflurane for maintenance in children undergoing strabismus surgery.
There has been limited research on genome-wide association with physical activity (PA). This study ascertained genetic associations between PA and 344,893 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in 8842 Korean samples. PA data were obtained from a validated questionnaire that included information on PA intensity and duration. Metabolic equivalent of tasks were calculated to estimate the total daily PA level for each individual. In addition to single- and multiple-SNP association tests, a pathway enrichment analysis was performed to identify the biological significance of SNP markers. Although no significant SNP was found at genome-wide significance level via single-SNP association tests, 59 genetic variants mapped to 76 genes were identified via a multiple SNP approach using a bootstrap selection stability measure. Pathway analysis for these 59 variants showed that maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) was enriched. Joint identification of SNPs could enable the identification of multiple SNPs with good predictive power for PA and a pathway enriched for PA.
Aim
Cardiovascular (CV) risk and mortality associated with spondyloarthritis (SpA) remain controversial. Herein, we performed a meta‐analysis of the latest large‐scale population‐based studies to demonstrate the elevated risk of CV disease and mortality in patients with SpA than in the general population.
Methods
MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched systematically for population‐based studies published between January 1997 and September 2019. Additional manual literature searches were also performed. All searches and data collection were performed independently by 2 reviewers. We calculated the risks of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and all‐cause mortality in a meta‐analysis and determined the risk ratios (RR) using the Mantel–Haenszel method.
Results
Among the 641 identified articles, 16 articles involving 18 cases met the inclusion criteria for our meta‐analysis; these included 12 cases of ankylosing spondylitis, five cases of psoriatic arthritis, and 1 case of undifferentiated SpA. Our meta‐analysis revealed a significantly high risk of MI (RR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.29‐1.80) and stroke (RR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.0‐1.47) in patients with SpA than in the general population. However, this increased risk was not significant in terms of all‐cause mortality (RR: 1.23; 95% CI: 0.96‐1.57).
Conclusions
Our meta‐analysis demonstrated that patients with SpA have a significantly increased risks of MI and stroke, but without a significant increase in the all‐cause mortality, than that in the general population. The higher risk of CV in patients with SpA than that in the general population indicates the need for strict risk factor correction and disease management.
Objectives
This study aimed to examine the association between statin exposure and dementia risk in individuals with hypercholesterolaemia using data from the NHIS‐HEALS database between 2002 and 2015.
Methods
Subjects were classified into statin exposure and statin nonexposure groups according to medication possession ratio. Dementia was defined as those with primary diagnostic dementia codes such as F00‐F03, G30, G31.1, G31.9 or G31.82. Cox proportional hazards regression models were adopted after stepwise adjustment for confounders to investigate the prospective association between statin exposure and dementia risk.
Results
During the follow‐up period (median follow‐up 11.7 years), 711 cases of dementia occurred, accounting for 11.5% of the total study population (statin exposure group, 8.2%; statin nonexposure group, 12.9%). Compared to the statin nonexposure group, fully adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for overall dementia in the statin exposure group were 0.63 (0.43–0.91) and 0.62 (0.50–0.78) in men and women, respectively. Compared to the statin nonexposure group, the HRs (95% CIs) for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia, vascular dementia and other types of dementia in the statin exposure group were 0.54 (0.32–0.91), 2.45 (0.69–8.68) and 0.59 (0.32–1.07), respectively, in men and 0.53 (0.38–0.73), 1.29 (0.42–3.96) and 0.70 (0.51–0.96), respectively, in women.
Conclusions
Hypercholesterolaemic individuals exposed to statin had a lower risk of overall dementia and Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia in both sexes, and a lower risk of other types of dementia in women, than subjects who were not exposed to statins.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.