Objective
The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is designed to measure the current level of depressive symptomatology in the general population. However, no review has examined whether the scale is reliable and valid among children and adolescents in Korea. The purpose of this study was to test whether the Korean form of the CES-D is valid in adolescents.
Methods
Data were obtained from 1,884 adolescents attending grades 1–3 in Korean middle schools. Reliability was evaluated by internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha). Concurrent validity was evaluated by a correlation analysis between the CES-D and other scales. Construct validity was evaluated by exploratory factor and confirmatory factor analyses.
Results
The internal consistency coefficient for the entire group was 0.88. The CES-D was positively correlated with scales that measure negative psychological constructs, such as the State Anxiety Inventory for Children, the Korean Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents, and the Reynold Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire, but it was negatively correlated with scales that measure positive psychological constructs, such as the Korean version of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-2. The CES-D was examined by three-dimensional exploratory factor analysis, and the three-factor structure of the scale explained 53.165% of the total variance. The variance explained by factor I was 24.836%, that explained by factor II was 15.988%, and that explained by factor III was 12.341%. The construct validity of the CES-D was tested by confirmatory factor analysis, and we applied the entire group’s data using a three-factor hierarchical model. The fit index showed a level similar to those of other countries’ adolescent samples.
Conclusion
The CES-D has high internal consistency and addresses psychological constructs similar to those addressed by other scales. The CES-D showed a three-factor structure in an exploratory factor analysis. The present findings suggest that the CES-D is a useful and reliable tool for measuring depression in Korean adolescents.
A prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor was isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of Phyllanthus ussurensis. The active compound was identified as an ellagitannin, corilagin. It was shown to non-competitively inhibit prolyl endopeptidase (PEP) with the IC50 value of 1.17x10(-6) microM. The Ki value was 6.70x10(-7) M. Corilagin was less inhibitory to other serine proteases such as chymotrypsin, trypsin, and elastase, indicating that it was relatively a specific inhibitor of PEP. Corilagin also effectively inhibited reactive oxygen species such as hydroxide and superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, and DPPH. Especially, corilagin showed potent scavenging activity on the superoxide anion radical in the ESR method (IC50 = 3.79x10(-6) M) as well as xanthine oxidase system.
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to establish a plan for improving the quality of life by reducing job stress of dental hygienists by identifying the effects of job stress, physical, social health, and life quality of dental hygienists.
Methods: The questionnaire was collected by the individual self-report method.
Results: First, it was found that the lower the self-development stress, the better the social health. Second, it was found that the lower the work stress, the better the psychological health. Third, it was found that the lower the work stress, the better the health in the living environment area.
Conclusions: Treatment of dental hygienists needs to be improved in terms of working environment and remuneration, and job satisfaction also affects turnover intention.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of chewing difficulty on osteoarthritis in Korean adults. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for two years from 2019 to 2020. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS (21.0) program using composite samples, and the mean crossover analysis and logistic return analysis were performed. An analysis of the effects of chewing difficulty on osteoarthritis in korean adults showed that those with chewing difficulty had a 2.02 fold higher risk of osteoarthritis (95%CI=1.56~2.42) and a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The association between the chewing difficulty on osteoarthritis could be confirmed, and measures improve of the oral health and preventing osteoarthritis should be prepared.
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