Despite the anticancer effect of lupeol (Lup), low aqueous solubility can make its therapeutic usage difficult. However, polycaprolactone/ Gelatin (PCL-GEL) nanofibers scaffold eliminate this problem. This study has been conducted to recognize PCL-GEL-Lup nanofibers effect on cancer cell lines. PCL-GEL solution was prepared at different ratios (8 wt% and 4 wt%) for achieving optimal nanofibers. PCL-GEL-Lup nanofibers were provided via electrospinning technique. The surface morphology of nanofibers was examined using FESEM. Functional groups were investigated by a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Lupeol released from nanofibers was detected by a UV-Visible spectroscopy. The drug release profile confirmed the sustained release of about 80% achieved within 40 h. IC50 of lupeol against ACHN and HSC-3 cell lines are 52.57 and 66.10 μg/mL-1 respectively. The study results in aid an understanding of fabrication of scaffold with an optimum dose of bioactive lupeol in 6 wt% with bead free uniform diameter that is capable of binding the drug efficiently. The enhanced cytotoxicity activity by effective diffusion and elution to the target achieved in this study help to develop a nanofiber in the ongoing battle against cancer.
The in vitro antibacterial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities of a few plant extracts were widely known for decades, and they were used for application in the conventional way. Specifically, electrospun nanofibrous mats have recently exhibited great antibacterial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities. The herbal extracts infused into these formations are expected to have a more efficient and integrated effect on in vitro biological applications. The purpose of this study is to develop polycaprolactone- (PCL-) based nanofiber mats that are infused with a traditional plant extract using Clerodendrum phlomidis leaves to improve the synthesized nanofibers’ antibacterial, anticancer, and antioxidant efficacy. This study examined the morphology, thermal properties, mechanical properties, structure, and in vitro drug release studies of electrospun nanofibers. Antibacterial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities of the electrospun nanofibrous mats were also studied. The HRTEM and FESEM pictures of PCL and PCL-CPM nanofibers provide that smooth, defect-free, and homogeneous nanofibers were found to be 602.08 ± 75 nm and 414.15 ± 82 nm for PCL and PCL-CPM nanofibers, respectively. The presence of Clerodendrum phlomidis extract in the electrospun nanofibers was approved by UV-visible and FTIR spectroscopy. The incorporation of Clerodendrum phlomidis extract to nanofiber mats resulted in substantial antibacterial activity against bacterial cells. PCL-CPM mats exposed to oral cancer (HSC-3) and renal cell carcinoma (ACHN) cell lines displayed promising anticancer activity with less than 50% survival rate after 24 h of incubation. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay performed on PCL-CPM nanofibers revealed the antioxidant scavenging activity with maximum inhibition of 34% suggesting the role of the secondary metabolites release from scaffold. As a result, the findings of this study revealed that Clerodendrum phlomidis extract encapsulating PCL electrospun nanofibers has a high potential for usage as a biobased antibacterial, anticancer, and antioxidant agent.
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