UNIMAS's cafeterias generate solid waste everyday and there are 11 cafeterias operating in UNIMAS. The study involved two main cafeterias which are located at Bunga Raya and Alamanda colleges. The objective of the study was to determine the waste generation and composition of solid waste generated by the cafeterias. The study was done by collecting data from both cafeterias on Monday, Wednesday and Friday. The collected waste were weight, mixed, quartered and the composition of the samples were then determined. The amount of waste generated daily in Bunga Raya cafeteria was more compared to that generated in Alamanda cafeteria. Food scraps were the highest component in the solid waste for both cafeterias, followed by plastics, papers, and non-ferrous metal. The energy that can be generated from waste from the whole cafeterias in UNIMAS was estimated at 95, 444.33 kJ/kg/day. According to the study, the solid waste management can be more efficient by minimizing the food preparation by the cafeteria operators. Besides that, the study can create awareness among students regarding the potential energy that can be harvested from the solid waste.
In the process of a design rainfall, information on rainfall duration, average rainfall intensity and temporal rainfall pattern is important. This study focuses on developing a temporal rainfall pattern for the Southern region of Sarawak since temporal pattern for Sarawak is yet to be available in the Malaysian Urban Storm Water Management Manual (MSMA), which publishes temporal pattern for design storms only for Peninsular Malaysia. The recommended technique by the Australian Rainfall and Runoff (AR&R) known as the ‘Average Variability Method’ and method in Hydrological Procedure No.1-1982 are used to derive design rainfall temporal pattern for the study. Rainfall data of 5 minutes interval from year 1998 to year 2006 for 7 selected rainfall stations in the selected region is obtained from Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID). The temporal rainfall patterns developed are for 10 minutes,15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 120 minutes, 180 minutes and 360 minutes duration. The results show that Southern region of Sarawak has an exclusive rainfall pattern, which is different from the pattern developed for Peninsular Malaysia.
The reclamation of peat land has changed greatly in the last 20 years. In the past very often the enthusiastic pioneer with very little means took on the job of reclaiming peat, and his struggle and experience have given us a very valuable basis for today's peat development.
Availability of urban spaces to install stormwater storage structures pose as a challenge nowadays. Green strips with trees and plants are always suggested
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