Following on from recent literature on the same subject, this paper analyses the impact of public debt on economic growth in Mexico between 1994 and 2016, against a global macroeconomic backdrop of sharp rises in public sector debt indicators, owing to expansionary fiscal strategies adopted after the 2007-2008 crisis. The main objectives of this study are to determine whether the relationship between these two variables has followed a non-linear path in the form of an inverted "U", and to find the threshold beyond which increases in debt generate marginal decreases in growth. Using a dynamic model, a non-linear inverted U-shaped relationship is demonstrated, and the threshold in the debt-to-GDP ratio is found to be 27%.
Pasteles, es un programa de carácter muy específico, diseñado como apoyo para el aprendizaje del concepto de número fraccionario simple. Utiliza una representación común en los libros de enseñanza de matemáticas, el “pastel”, que representa siempre al entero, del cual una o varias fracciones pudieron haber sido iluminadas. El programa propone al niño un “reto” o problema por resolver, consistente en presentar iluminada una determinada fracción del pastel en la ventana izquierda; el “reto” consiste en dar al programa los datos numéricos necesarios para producir el dibujo de un pastel idéntico en la ventana derecha, sin saber qué fracción fue iluminada por el programa. Cada reto y cada intento de resolución del mismo obligan al niño a movilizar su noción de número fraccionario y a modificarla, hasta llegar a construirla.Abstract“Pasteles” is a program of very specific character, designed like support for the learning of the concept of simple fractional number. It uses a common representation in books of education of mathematics, the "cake”, which always represents the whole number, of which one or several fractions could have been illuminated. The program proposes to the boy a "challenge" or problem to solve, consisting of presenting illuminated a certain fraction of the cake in the left window; the "challenge" consists of giving to the program the numeric data necessary to produce the drawing of an identical cake in the right window, without knowing what fraction was illuminated by the program. Each challenge and each attempt of resolution of the same one force the boy to mobilize their notion of fractional number and to modify it, until getting to construct it.
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