Any quantitative information on the strength of interactions between inorganic filler and polymer is substantial for the future application of the composite. The magnitude of adhesion of two phases may be deduced from results collected by various experimental techniques. Inverse gas chromatography is very simple and precise method.
Authors propose to express the magnitude of modified filler/polymer interactions by Flory‐Huggins χ23 parameter. We investigated polyether‐urethane/3‐mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane systems containing different amount of filler (5, 10, 20 wt%).
Moreover, information on the physico‐chemical status of oligomer and modified silicas were presented with the use of the following parameters:
• solubility parameter δ2 and its components describing properties of the polymer layer;
•Flory‐Huggins parameter χ12 which describes polymer‐solute or filled polymer‐solute interactions.
Subscripts 1, 2, 3 and m refers to solute, polymer, filler and polymer/filler mixture, respectively. Pure, low molecular weight, volatile test solutes were selected and injected into a chromatographic column.
The influence of the IGC experiment, temperature, the content of modified silica and the nature of test solute on the evaluated parameters are presented and discussed.
Sodium-aluminium silicates of a high degree of dispersion were obtained. Studies on the surface modi cation of sodium-aluminium silicates using silane coupling agents are described. The best modi ers, which induced a change of the silicate surface from a hydrophilic to a hydrophobic one, were selected. Physicochemical analyses of the obtained silicates were performed. The methods of evaluating the degree of surface modi cation of the silicate are presented. Attempts were made to employ the unmodi ed and modi ed sodium-aluminium silicates as llers in polyurethane elastomers. The introduction of sodium-aluminium silicate into urethane elastomer induced increases in composite parameters such as tensile strength, relative elongation, and hardness. The most pronounced reinforcing effects were observed with urethane elastomers lled with sodium-aluminium silicate modi ed with an aminosilane (A-1120).
A comparison of the effects of two types of modifiers, anthracene oil (hydrocarbon) and dioctyl phthalate (ester), on physical and mechanical properties of urethane elastomers prepared from polyetherols (propylene oxide derivatives of various functionalities and MW) and TDI was performed. The aim of the study was to assess their suitability as binders in permanently elastic urethane sealants for use in construction. The urethane elastomers under investigation were synthesized by a prepolymer method. The modifiers, added to the reactive mixture before curing, were found to be fully compatible with the urethane elastomers and did not interfere with the curing process. The usable range of application for both modifiers was found to be up to 40 phr. Over this range the modified urethane elastomers are viscoelastic liquids. The hydrocarbon modifier does enhance the hydrophobic properties of urethane elastomer, at a lower degree of crosslinking. It was found that modified urethane elastomers may be good binders for sealants, although their long-term sealing properties must be confirmed under field conditions.
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