No abstract

OBJECTIVETo identify genetic and nongenetic factors contributing to the risk of bladder exstrophyepispadias complex (BEEC). PATIENTS AND METHODSIn all, 285 families with BEEC were invited to participate in the study, and 232 of them were recruited. Epidemiological information was obtained from 151 of the consenting families, with a detailed clinical genetic examination of 94 probands. In all, 440 DNA samples were collected from 163 families for molecular analysis.

Suggested adolescent nutritional interventions include promotion of home-based eating, improving availability of healthy foods in school and neighborhood stores, and targeted educational materials.

The results of this meta-analysis suggest that the vitamin D receptor TaqI, poly(A), BsmI, ApaI and FokI polymorphisms are not related to prostate cancer risk.