Vaksinasi bertujuan untuk memberikan kekebalan spesifik terhadap suatu penyakit tertentu sehingga apabila suatu saat terpajan dengan penyakit tersebut maka tidak akan sakit atau hanya mengalami sakit ringan. Indonesia menjadikan pelaksanaan vaksinasi COVID-19 sebagai bagian dari strategi penanggulangan pandemi COVID-19, dengan pelaksanaan vaksinasi COVID-19 bertujuan untuk melindungi masyarakat dari infeksi SARS-CoV-2 yang dapat menyebabkan kesakitan dan kematian akibat COVID-19. Program vaskinasi dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah dalam 4 tahap dilakukan oleh Puskesmas sebagai perpanjangan tangan dari Dinas Kesehatan setempat. Puskesmas menjadi ujung tombak pelaksanaan program vaksinasi ke masyarakat. Puskesmas Made Surabaya membawahi beberapa Institusi Perguruan Tinggi di wilayahnya. Dalam melakukan pelaksanaan vaksinasi tahap 2 dengan cakupan lebih besar membutuhkan bantuan tenaga kesehatan dan tempat pelaksanaan yang memudahkan akses pelayanan. Kegiatan Vaksinasi tahap dua merupakan program pemerintah dan puskesmas Made membutuhkan dukungan tenaga kesehatan dan tempat layanan yang memudahkan akses pelayanan vaksinasi. Solusi berupa bantuan tenaga kesehatan dan tempat pelaksanaan vaksin yang memudahkan akses pelaksanaan menjadi hal yang penting dalam mensukseskan program Vaksinasi COVID-19. Metode yang dilakukan adalah persiapan melalui pendaftaran petugas vaksin, mengikuti pelatihan petugas vaksin dan mendapat sertifikat vaksinator, koordinasi teknis pelaksanaan vaksin dengan Puskesmas Made, Pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi pelaksanaan Vaksinasi. Hasil kegiatan tercapainya vaksinasi di pos Vaksin Universitas Ciputra bagi tiga institusi perguruan tinggi yang ada di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Made dengan baik.
This study aims to analyze the administration of mangosteen peel ethanol extract at different doses can reduce levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) serum in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strains exposed to electric cigarette smoke. Electric cigarette induces mitochondrial ROS production and triggers oxidative stress. Antioxidants are needed by the body if there are many free radicals, for example mangosteen peel. This laboratory experimental study uses a randomized post test only control group design. Thirty male white rats were divided into 5 groups randomly (KK, KR, P1, P2, P3). KK given 0.5% Na-CMC, KR given smoke and 0.5% Na-CMC, P1, P2, P3 given smoke and mangosteen peel ethanol extract 100, 200, 300 mg / kg weight. Data were tested for normality and homogeneity tests. Data distribution was found not normal. Data were tested by Kruskal-Wallis Test and Mann-Whitney. Kruskal-Wallis Test results showed significant differences in MDA and LTB4 levels in each experimental group (KS, KR, P1, P2 and P3), p <0.05. Mann-Whitney test results showed a significant difference in the MDA levels of the KR against P3 and in the LTB4 level of the KR against P2 (p <0.05). The conclusion of the study was the administration of mangosteen peel ethanol extract can reduce MDA and LTB4 levels serum in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strains exposed to electric cigarette smoke.
The COVID-19 pandemic has been going on for more than two years. The number of sufferers of this disease continues to increase as well as those who die. The number of disease and death cases varies in each country and even in one country in certain seasons and certain tribes. This is triggered by the evolution of viruses that create new variants with different virulences so that they can affect the transmission of the COVID-19 virus. Several factors can trigger the evolution of the virus, one of which is the ability to mutate to create new variants and/or new strains that cause differences in morbidity and mortality due to early COVID-19 strains. Other factors that favor viral evolution are the reservoir, host immunity, and extreme environmental conditions. This is supported by differences in the percentage of morbidity and mortality in various countries. This literature review aims to determine the effect of viral, reservoir, host, and environmental factors (season and rainfall, temperature, sunlight, materials around the environment, animal habitat, water, and wastewater) on the evolution of viruses that affect morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 disease.
This study aimed to analyze the administration of mangosteen peel ethanol extract at different doses can reduce levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) serum in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strains exposed to electric cigarette smoke. Electric cigarette induces mitochondrial ROS production and triggers oxidative stress. Antioxidants are needed by the body if there are many free radicals, for example mangosteen peel. This laboratory experimental study uses a randomized post-test only control group design. Thirty male white rats were divided into 5 groups randomly (KK, KR, P1, P2, P3). KK given 0.5% Na-CMC, KR given smoke and 0.5% Na-CMC, P1, P2, P3 given smoke and mangosteen peel ethanol extract 100, 200, 300 mg/kg weight. Data were tested for normality and homogeneity tests. Data distribution was found not normal. Data were tested by Kruskal-Wallis Test and Mann-Whitney. Kruskal-Wallis Test results showed significant differences in MDA and LTB4 levels in each experimental group (KS, KR, P1, P2 and P3), p <0.05. Mann-Whitney test results showed a significant difference in the MDA levels of the KR against P3 and in the LTB4 level of the KR against P2 (p <0.05). The conclusion of the study was the administration of mangosteen peel ethanol extract can reduce MDA and LTB4 levels serum in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strains exposed to electric cigarette smoke.
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