This paper presents a robust and precise tension control method for a roll-to-roll (R2R) system. In R2R processing, robust and precise tension control is very important because improper web tension control leads to deterioration in the quality of web material. However, tension control is not easy because the R2R system has a model variation in which the inertia of the web in roll form is changed and external disturbances caused by web slip and crumpled web. Therefore, a disturbance observer (DOB) was proposed to achieve robustness against model variations and external disturbances. DOB is a robust control method widely used in various fields because of its simple structure and excellent performance. Moreover, the web passes through various process steps to achieve the finished product in the R2R process. Particularly, it is important to track the tension when magnitude of the tension varies during process. Feedforward (FF) controller was applied to minimize the tracking error in the transient section where tension changes. Moreover, the signal processing of a sensor using the Kalman filter (KF) in the R2R system greatly improved control performance. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is discussed using experimental results.

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This paper describes a novel design of an active accelerator pedal(AAP) using a linear electromagnetic actuator that transfers warning messages recognized by the automobile from the sensors to the driver. In an emergency driving situation, the electromagnetic actuator creates additional pedal forces such as active pedal force and vibration force. In a passive situation however, the actuator does not produce additional force. In the past, a system with a rotary actuator was developed for AAP but was found to have critical drawbacks such as inaccurate movement by backlash and torque occurrence due to the high gear ratio. This research, therefore, aims to solve these drawbacks and maximize car safety by optimizing the electromagnetic linear actuator. Finite element analysis is performed to analyze the coupled system of electric, magnetic, and mechanical subsystems, and to characterize the dynamic performance of the proposed actuator system. A novel design of the AAP system with the optimized electromagnetic linear actuator is developed. The dynamic characteristics of the AAP system are simulated by a 3D dynamic analysis software program. Satisfactory results were obtained. Finally, the test result and the simulation result of the AAP system are compared.

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