Objectives:The forced closure of schools during the COVID-19 outbreak imposed on adolescents a new reality of home-schooling. This new situation has affected adolescent sleep patterns due to the absence of the pressure to wake up earlier induced by school times during pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the changes in sleep and napping habits in Brazilian adolescents during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: A sample of 259 high school adolescents (mean age = 15.5 years) reported sleep and napping habits by means validated questionnaires in both baseline year (March-June 2019) and during COVID-19 lockdown (July 2020). Results: The tendency to eveningness was higher and daytime sleepiness was reduced during the social isolation. Time in bed (TIB) increased by more than 2 hours and sleep onset time was delayed during the pandemic. More adolescents reported getting enough TIB during the pandemic. Moreover, sleepiness during remote classes was reduced compared to that reported during traditional classes one year before. The nap habit decreased during the pandemic compared to the baseline year. Discussion: The lack of early wake-up pressure to attend school in the morning could explain the sleep improvements perceived during the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, parents, educators, and policy makers need to discuss more feasible school times for adolescents in order to implement these changes as soon as returning to presential/hybrid learning.
Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate if a partial morning or evening sleep restriction protocol could affect executive functioning in healthy young adults.Methods:Participants were assigned to one of three groups: control (n=18), in which participants maintained their habitual sleep/wake cycle; morning restriction (n=17), in which volunteers terminated sleep approximately three hours earlier than the usual on the experimental night, and evening restriction (n=13), in which volunteers initiated sleep approximately three hours later than the usual on the experimental night. On the day of the experiment, they performed the Stroop Test, the Go-NoGo Test and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT).Results:When compared to the control group, neither morning nor evening sleep-restricted individuals displayed any significant deficits in: a) selective attention as assessed by the interference index (H=3.38; p=0.18) and time to performed the interference card (H=2.61; p=0.27) on the Stroop test; b) motor response inhibition as assessed by number of false alarms (H=0.8; p=0.67) on the Go-NoGo Test; and c) in decision-making as assessed by total won (H=2.64; p=0.26) and number of selected advantageous cards (H=4.43; p=0.11) on the IGT.Conclusion:These findings suggest that the ability to pay attention, inhibit a motor response and make decisions is preserved following approximately 3 hours of sleep restriction, regardless of its timing (in the morning or in the evening).
Currently, several treatments have been studied in order to restore health. A very promising treatment option is through the use of magnets. The exposure of cells to the Static Magnetic Field (SMF) is able to affect cell behavior by rebalancing its hydrogen potential (pH), which was previously dysfunctional, and may help control the signs and symptoms of diseases in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) that may present subclinical states of infectious diseases. Medicinal Biomagnetism (BM) is a non-invasive integrative therapy that uses magnets as a tool with the aim of rebalancing the body’s natural pH, allowing the return to normal health conditions. With BM, it is possible to identify and correct dysfunctions that can lead to, or sustain, infectious pathologies, through the protocol proposed by Dr. David Goiz Martínez, helping to improve the signs and symptoms associated with diabetes mellitus, contributing to the general improvement of the individual. Objective: this work aims to present a BM protocol to aid in the treatment of DM. It also seeks a comprehensive view of other protocols not considered in Martínez’s proposal and suggests their incorporation. Materials and Methods: the article is a literature review in which 42 references were used, 05 of which were used to prepare the protocol. Results: protocol script with step-by-step DM treatment with BM. Conclusion: BM is a complementary and integrative technique with prophylactic potential in metabolic, endocrine and pathogenic disorders, easy to apply, inexpensive and with relatively quick results, with very low side effects. Future prospects: they are necessary to prove the proposed protocol.
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