In the Brazilian Cerrado, phytonematodes, phytonematodes are a challenge for agriculture, and the association of forms of control is the best strategy to be used in coexistence with this pathogen. Faced with this problem, this study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of cover crops and biocontrol agents in the management of nematodes in soybean. For each nematode species under study (Meloidogyne incognita and Pratylenchus brachyurus), two experiments were carried out under greenhouse conditions in a completely randomized design arranged in a 6 × 2 factorial scheme with eight replications. Six cover crops (millet ADRG 9050, millet ADR 300, Urochloa ruziziensis, Crotalaria ochroleuca, C. spectabilis, and corn hybrid DKB 290) and two treatments (treated or not with Bacillus subtilis and B. methylotrophicus - 1×106 CFU per seed) were evaluated. The cover crops were sown in soil infested with nematodes and then soybeans were sown under the straw, and cultivated for 45 and 60 days, for M. incognita and P. brachyurus, respectively. Fresh root mass, total nematode population, and the number of nematodes per gram of root were evaluated. The association of microorganisms with C. spectabilis, U. ruziziensis, and millet ADR 300 conferred an additional effect in reducing the population of P. brachyurus. For M. incognita, the association was successful only for combining C. spectabilis with B. methylotrophicus. DKB 290 corn, when treated with B. methylotrophicus, had the nematode population per gram of soybean root reduced by 90% compared to plants that did not receive biological treatment.
A soja é a mais importante oleaginosa cultivada mundialmente, sendo o Brasil o segundo maior produtor. Para manutenção de índices satisfatórios de produtividade é necessário o manejo eficiente de diversos problemas fitossanitários que afetam a cultura, dentre eles os causados por nematoides. Identificar novas alternativas de manejo desses nematoides faz-se necessário para manutenção de baixos níveis populacionais nas áreas com a presença desses parasitas. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência do tratamento de sementes com abamectina isolada e associada com o fungo Paecilomyces lilacinus no manejo de Heterodera glycines na cultura da soja. O ensaio foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4 (doses de abamectina) x 2 (com e sem a adição de P. lilacinus), com 5 repetições, empregando a cultivar de soja BRS Valiosa RR, suscetível ao nematoide, em ambiente protegido. As doses de abamectina empregadas foram 0, 50, 100 e 200 g. i.a. 100 kg sementes-1 e de P. lilacinus, 600 g p.c. 100 kg sementes-1 (7,5x109 UFC/g de PC). Aos 30 dias após a inoculação foram avaliadas a massa fresca das raízes, o número de fêmeas por sistema radicular, fêmeas por grama de raiz e ovos por fêmea do nematoide. A massa fresca das raízes e o número de fêmeas por sistema radicular foram superiores nos tratamentos sem a adição do fungo P. lilacinos. O tratamento empregando o fungo P. lilacinus apresentou um maior número de fêmeas por grama de raiz quando comparado ao tratamento sem a utilização do fungo. O número de fêmeas por sistema radicular e de ovos por fêmeas reduziram em função das diferentes doses de abamectina utilizadas. A abamectina isolada e associada ao fungo P. lilacinus apresenta potencial de utilização no manejo de H. glycines na cultura da soja.
Alternative management measures have been used to reduce nematode population levels in affected areas. In this perspective, the objective was to evaluate the efficiency of nematicides based on fungus and bacterium, associated with poultry litter applied via ground in the management of Pratylenchus brachyurus and Heterodera glycines in soybean and corn crops in succession. The experiment was conducted in the 2018/19 growing season in the municipality of Ipameri– GO (-17°34’55.58”S−48°12’02.35”O) in naturally infested field, arranged in a randomized block design, with 10 treatments and 4 replicates, being: T1- Witness/ control, T2- Poultry litter, T3- P. lilacinum + T. harzianum, T4- B. subtilis + B. licheniformis, T5- P. chlamydosporia, T6- Abamectina, T7- P. lilacinum + T. harzianum + Poultry litter, T8- B. subtilis + B. licheniformis + Poultry litter, T9- P. chlamydosporia + Poultry litter, T10- Abamectina + Poultry litter. The poultry litter was added in the soil 10 days before planting. The plots were composed of 6 lines of 6 m, with a spacing of 0.5 m. In the soybean crop at 45 and 90 days after sowing (DAS), the fresh weight of the roots (MFR), nematological variables and productivity were evaluated. In corn, only nematological variables were evaluated at 60 DAS. The treatments using P. lilacinum + T. harzianum and B. subtillis + B. licheniformes increased the MFR and reduced the number of P. brachyurus and H. glycines at the root. P. chlamydosporia associated with poultry litter increased in productivity in soybean plants.
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