Orthostatic tremor (OT) is a rare movement disorder that consists of involuntary shaking of the legs and trunk present only on standing. Although the origin and the mechanism of this condition are not well understood, the neurophysiologic abnormalities and PET studies suggest a central origin. We describe the clinical and radiologic features of two patients with symptomatic OT and associated pontine lesions, and conclude that OT may arise from dysfunction of the cerebellum or related pontine structures.
<p>Background. An exponential law for chaotic cardiac dynamics,<br />found previously, allows the quantification of the differences<br />between normal cardiac dynamics and those with acute<br />diseases, as well as the cardiac dynamics of the evolution<br />between these states.</p><p><br />Objective. To confirm the clinical applicability of the developed<br />methodology through the mathematical law for cardiac<br />dynamics in dynamics with arrhythmias.</p><p><br />Materials and methods. 60 Holter electrocardiograms were<br />analyzed, 10 corresponded to normal subjects, and 50 to subjects with different arrhythmias. For each Holter, an attractor was performed, and its fractal dimension and spatial occupancy were measured. A mathematical evaluation was applied in order to differentiate normal dynamics from pathological ones. Sensitivity, specificity and the Kappa coefficient were calculated.</p><p><br />Results. The mathematical evaluation differentiated occupation spaces, normal dynamics, acute illness dynamics, and evolution between these states. The sensitivity and specificity values were 100%, and the Kappa coefficient was 1.</p><p>Conclusions. The clinical applicability of the methodology<br />for cases with arrhythmia was shown. It is also applicable for<br />the detection of changes in dynamics that are not classified<br />clinically as pathological.</p>
Background:
Previous studies have developed methodologies for predicting the number
of CD4+ cells from the total leukocyte and lymphocytes count based on mathematical methodologies,
obtaining percentages of effectiveness prediction higher than 90% with a value of less than
5000 leukocytes.
Objective:
To improve the methodology probabilities prediction in 5000-9000 leukocytes ranges.
Method:
from sets A, B, C and D defined in a previous study, and based on CD4+ prediction established
on the total number of leukocytes and lymphocytes, induction was performed using data from
10 patients with HIV, redefining the sets A and C that describe the lymphocytes behavior relative to
leukocytes. Subsequently, we evaluated with previous research prediction probabilities parameters
from a sample of 100 patients, calculating the belonging probability to each sample and organized in
predetermined ranges leukocytes, of each of the sets defined, their unions and intersections. Then the
same procedure was performed with the new sets and the probability values obtained with the refined
method were compared with respect to previously defined, by measures of sensitivity (SENS)
and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) for each range.
Results:
probabilities with values greater than 0.83 were found in five of the nine ranges inside the
new sets. The probability for the set A∪C increased from 0.06 to 0.18 which means increases between
0.06 and 0.09 for the intersection (A∪C) ∩ (B∪D), making evident the prediction improvement
with new sets defined.
Conclusion:
The results show that the new defined sets achieved a higher percentage of effectiveness
to predict the CD4+ value cells, which represents a useful tool that can be proposed as a substitute
for clinical values obtained by the flow cytometry.
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