Fishbone (FB) is a nutritionally dense by-product of fisheries processing, which is a good source of Ca and other elements. This study aimed to determine the effect of sonication and water bath treatments on the size and nutritional value of Pangasius bone powder. Pulverized FB was soaked in 40% lime solution (pH 2) under different conditions in a sonicator and water bath for 30 min. and 60 min. at 60 C, and then powdered. The whiteness index (WI), pH, particle and distribution size, proximate and mineral contents of FB powder were investigated. This study showed that sonication treatments were 89.09-89.17 for WI, 6.99-7.14 for pH, 860.15-1029.3 nm for particle size, 3.66-3.95 % for fat, 14.62-16.10 % for protein, 50.48-50.91% for Ca, 14.77-15.08 % for P and water bath treatments were 88.91-88.93 for WI, 7.36-7.43 for pH, 734.5-959 nm for particle size, 3.22-3325 % for fat, 14.78-15.23 % for protein, 50.97-50.95 % for Ca, and 14.97-14.99 % for P. Both showed a mono-modal size distribution and trace amounts of other minerals in all treatments. In conclusion, a 60-minute water bath treatment is a promising method for reducing the particle size of FB powder without significantly altering its nutritional composition.
Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia have grown quite rapidly and play an important role in modern economies. Many innovative products have been developed; however, the monitoring of product quality is rare. The aim of this study was to perform a comparative evaluation of the characteristics of agar sheet products from local MSMEs in Java Island, Indonesia. Moisture content, acid-insoluble ash content, total mould count, heavy metals (Pb, Zn, and As, Cu, Sn, Hg) and gel strength of three different agar sheet products were evaluated. Moreover, evaluation of its commercial packaging was carried out according to the regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control (NADFC). The results reveal that the moisture content of agar sheets ranged from 17.48 % to 21.64 %, the acid-insoluble ash contents were lower than the maximum limit by Indonesian National Standard (INS), whereas according to the sensory inspection, the presence of mould was not found. Heavy metals were found at low levels, below the maximum allowable limit by INS. However, all agar sheets have poor gel strength (approximately 32.24 g/cm2 – 77.49 g/cm2). The result of packaging evaluation showed that neither packaging design, nor packaging label of all agar sheet products were excellent. The packaging label was prepared inappropriately according to NADFC. In conclusion, these agar characteristics and packaging quality were lack the minimum standard required. Therefore, product enhancements, such as processing and packaging innovations can be introduced to meet the minimum standard and improve the quality.
The Diatom of Melosira sp. is one of the potential microalgae candidates for future biofuel resource due to its high lipid profile and fatty acid content, high growth rate, and a quick deposition rate. Salinity stress is one of the environmental factors affecting the growth of microalgae and their lipid content. This research was conducted to identify the response of Melosira sp. treated with different salinity levels on the cell growth rate, biomass productivity, and lipid production. The microalgae cells were incubated for 8 days in 1 liter of F/2 growth medium with different salinity levels from 10 ppt to 35 ppt. Cell’s growth, SGR, biomass, lipid, and water quality factors were measured during incubation. This study revealed that the growth pattern of Melosira sp. cells under various salinities was customarily similar. Observation in the 35 ppt salt presenting the biomass productivity was 711.04 ± 69.38 mg.L-1 with lipid productivity which was 60.49 ± 1.72 mg.L-1. On the other hand, the observation of the lowest salt concentration displaying the biomass productivity was 316.64 ± 16.66 mg.L-1 with the lipid productivity which was 41.46 ± 6.94 mg.L-1. Hence, the results demonstrated that the lower salinity stress in 10 ppt enabled significant cell’s lipid production than the higher salinity of Melosira sp. in F/2 medium. Furthermore, lipid productivity was uncorrelation with biomass production pattern. This information may be useful in optimizing Melosira sp. lipid performance as a supporting knowledge.
This research focuses on the role of the Roudhotur Ridwan Islamic boarding school in empowering the Islamic community through life skills at the Child Social Welfare Institution (CSWI) in East Lampung Regency. This research is qualitative research; qualitative research is a research procedure with the results of descriptive data in the form of written words, spoken words, or observable human behavior. Data collection is got by interview, documentation, observation. The informants or resource persons are which consist of caregivers, instructors, village chiefs of Islamic boarding school, students, parents of students and CSWI administrators and existing stakeholders. The results showed the implementation of the community empowerment model, namely: First: The process of empowerment through life skills in the Islamic boarding school Roudlotur Ridwan in the CSWI program there are three processes: 1. Awareness stage: a. Building Mental Spirituality through Ruhul Jihad b. Leadership and Entrepreneurship 2. Capacity Building: Training through Life Skills 3. Powering. Second: Results of the Empowerment Process through Life Skills at the Roudlotur Ridwan Islamic Boarding School in the CSWI Program a. Output Empowerment: Character Strengthening, Economic Strengthening , Strengthening Emotional Ties, Strengthening institutions b. Outcome Empowerment; The economic empowerment of CSWI children is shown by the formation of skilled human resources with good character and honest and trustworthy entrepreneurs who are based on strong religious practice, as well as the realization of children's independence and welfare which is marked by economic strengthening.
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