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An understanding of past, from which we learn, and present, through which we observe, population dynamics is necessary for development planning for a country. This paper studies this present facts of and past trends in population dynamics paying particular attention to the major demographic variables of population, fertility, mortality, and migration profiles in the last two decades with an assessment of various demographic data sources in Bangladesh. In doing so various literatures were reviewed and secondary data were generated mostly from international sources, like database of the United Nations, Population Reference Bureau, US Census Bureau etc., and partly from national sources, like population census, Bangladesh demographic and health survey etc., which are the major sources of demographic data for Bangladesh. The study observes that the demographic indicators of Bangladesh have shown considerable development during the last two decades. Though the population increased in size but growth showed a declining trend. The total fertility rate declined from 3.96 children per woman during 1990-1995 to 2.36 during 2005-2010, and infant mortality and under-five mortality rates almost halved during the same period. Life expectancy at birth recently reached to 69 years from 56 years in 1990. Moreover, international outmigration showed an increasing trend with a very low rate for female.

ObjectivePrevention of mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) through control of hypertension is a public health priority in Bangladesh. Our objective was to assess sex differences in prevalence and determinants of hypertension among adults in one rural area of Bangladesh.Study designCross-sectional.Setting and participantsFrom January 2014 to December 2015, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 2600 men and women aged ≥18 years located in one rural district of Bangladesh. We collected data on demographics, behavioural factors, physical measurements and health history.Primary outcome measuresOur primary outcome was hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥140 or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg).ResultsThe average age of participants was 41.6 years and 53.7% were women. Hypertension prevalence was 6.9% (95% CI 5.9 to 7.9), and was significantly higher among women (8.9%) than men (4.5%). The highest prevalence of hypertension was observed among women aged ≥60 years at 21.3% (95% CI 16.6 to 26.7). A higher proportion of men with hypertension were aware of their condition (72.2%) compared with women (52.4%). Determinants of hypertension included older age, higher education, current tobacco use, increasing body mass index, and hyperglycaemia.ConclusionOur research suggests that hypertension prevalence is higher among women than men in rural Bangladesh. Sex-specific interventions should be developed to inform adults of the necessary lifestyle changes that may reduce the risk of hypertension and subsequent CVDs.

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