ABSTRACT

RESUMO -o maracujazeiro pertence ao gênero Passiflora, considerado o de maior importância econômica da família Passifloraceae. O objetivo do trabalho foi estimar para o maracujazeiro-azedo parâmetros e valores genotípicos pelo procedimento Reml/BluP em nível de progênie. Foram avaliadas 27 progênies de meiosirmãos oriundas do segundo ciclo de seleção recorrente conduzido na uenF, selecionadas via índice de seleção. as características avaliadas foram: número de frutos por parcela (nF); massa total de frutos por parcela (mTF) e massa média de frutos (mmF). os valores genéticos foram estimados por meio do Software Selegen, utilizando o procedimento Reml/BluP. nas estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos via Reml, as duas características ligadas diretamente à produção e, portanto, consideradas as mais importantes, nF e MTF apresentaram estimativas de herdabilidade média de progênies de 0,395 e 0,439, respectivamente. Na seleção e nas estimativas dos ganhos via BluP, o coeficiente de coincidência revelou concordância do resultado da seleção entre as progênies, mostrando que para as três características avaliadas, as mesmas 8 progênies são superiores para as três características simultaneamente. a metodologia Reml/BluP mostrouse adequada para a avaliação, possibilitando obter estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos que revelaram a possibilidade de sucesso com a seleção de progênies superiores, com ganhos simultaneamente de 18,02%, 23,08% e 9,65% para NF, MTF e MMF, respectivamente. Termos para indexação: Passiflora edulis Sims, modelos mistos, seleção recorrente. INTRAPOPULATION RECURRENT SELECTION IN SOUR PASSION FRUIT BY MIXED MODELSABSTRACT -Passion fruit belongs to the family Passifloraceae, and the genus Passiflora is regarded the most economically important. The aim of this study was to estimate parameters and genotypic values by REML/ BLUP method in level of progenies. A total of 27 half-sib progenies of the sour passion fruit derived from the second cycle of recurrent selection conducted in UENF, selected by the selection index were evaluated. The characteristics evaluated were: number of fruits (NF), total fruit mass (TFM) and fruit average mass (FAM). Breeding values were estimated by the Software SELEGEN using the procedure REML/BLUP. In the estimates of genetic parameters by REML, both characteristics directly linked to production and thus considered the most important (NF and TFM) showed average heritability estimates of progenies of 0.395 and 0.439, respectively. The selection and BLUP estimates of earnings by the coefficient of coincidence revealed agreement of the results of the selection among the progenies, showing that for all traits the same 8 progenies are superior to the three characteristics simultaneously. The REML/BLUP methodology was adequate for evaluation, allowing to obtain estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters revealed that the possibility of successful selection of superior progenies, simultaneously with gains of 18.02%, 23.08% and 9.65% for NF, TFM and FAM, respectively.

Passion fruit belongs to the family Passifloraceae, and the genus Passiflora is regarded the most economically important. The present study aimed to quantify genetic diversity among progenies of sour passion fruit, in order to define potential heterotic groups, based on morpho-agronomic descriptors, using the Ward-MLM procedure. It is useful for generation advancement in the passion fruit breeding program, via recurrent selection, under development at the Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF). For such, 81 full-sib progenies belonging to the third recurrent selection cycle (C03) were assessed. Twenty-three descriptors were used, five of which were qualitative and 18, quantitative. The quantitative and qualitative variables were analyzed simultaneously using the Ward-MLM procedure for the composition of groups. The likelihood function determined that five was the ideal number of groups. The Ward-MLM classification strategy for morpho-agronomic data analysis allowed the formation of five groups into 26, 5, 15, 16 and 19 progenies. A certain distance was observed for group III, compared to the other groups while groups I, II, IV and V showed approximation. This greater distance of group III compared to the other groups may indicate crosses, aiming at the exploitation of heterosis, for the pyramiding of favorable alleles for traits of interest. The Ward-MLM statistical procedure was a useful tool to detect genetic divergence and group progenies using simultaneously quantitative and qualitative variables.

The infraspecific taxonomy of wild Anacardium occidentale is little studied. We investigated whether wild populations on coastal dunes in Piauí, Brazil differed from non‐wild populations. Ten populations were sampled and twenty one morphological variables were measured. Variation within and between populations was investigated with univariate and multivariate statistics. Dune populations were mostly more similar to one another than to domesticated ones. There was significant correlation between inter‐population geographical distance and morphological dissimilarity. Classification methods showed 96.4% successful assignment to the dune category and 86% to 100% to dune populations individually, but dune and non‐dune populations overlap morphologically. Dune populations had shorter, broader leaves, shorter drupes and fewer secondary veins. Non‐dune coastal populations showed strongest similarity to dune populations. Populations distant from the coast were most divergent. The population from the cerrado region was most distinct, with thicker leaf blades and narrower petioles. The dune populations are recognised as the “restinga ecotype” of A. occidentale. Correlation of dissimilarity and distance may result from gene flow and/or non‐inherited environmental effects. Ecology and nomenclature (including the vernacular “cajuí”) of the restinga ecotype are reviewed. Further comparison of restinga populations is needed along the Brazilian coastline and with natural cerrado populations.

The cashew, Anacardium occidentale, is a globally important tropical fruit tree, but little is known about its natural infraspecific systematics. Wild Brazilian populations occur in the cerrado biome and coastal restinga vegetation. We investigated whether wild coastal and domesticated populations could be distinguished genetically using inter-simple repeat molecular markers (ISSRs). In total, 94 polymorphic loci from five primers were used to characterise genetic diversity, structure and differentiation in four wild restinga populations and four domesticated ones from eight localities in Piauí state (30 individuals per population). Genetic diversity was greater overall in wild (%P: 57.2%, I: 0.24, H e : 0.15) than domesticated populations (%P: 49.5%, I: 0.19, H e : 0.12). Significant structure was observed among the eight populations (between-population variance 22%, Φ PT = 0.217, P ≥ 0.001), but only weak distinctions between wild and domesticated groups. Cluster and principal coordinate analyses showed marked genetic disparity in populations. No correlation of genetic and geographical interpopulation distance was found (Mantel test, r = 0.02032, P = 0.4436). Bayesian analysis found an eight-group optimal model (ΔK = 50.2, K = 8), which mostly corresponded to sampled populations. Wild populations show strong genetic heterogeneity within a small geographical area despite probable gene flow between them. Within-population genetic diversity of wild plants varied considerably and was lower where extractive activities by local people are most intense (Labino population). The study underlines the importance of wild populations as in situ genetic reserves and the urgent need for further studies to support their conservation.