Analysis of neutral and acidic ethyl acetate extracts from culture medium of Azospirillum brasilense 703Ebc by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry demonstrated the presence of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-ethanol, indole-3-methanol, and indole-3lactic acid. IAA in media of 20 strains of A. brasilense and Azospirillum lipoferum was analyzed quantitatively by both the colorimetric Salkowski assay and HPLC-based isotopic dilution procedures. There was little correlation between the estimates obtained with the two procedures. For instance, the Salkowski assay suggested that the culture medium from A. brasilense 703Ebc contained 26.1 ,ug of IAA ml-', whereas HPLC revealed the presence of only 0.5 ,ig of IAA ml-'. Equivalent estimates with A. brasilense 204Ed were 10.5 and 0.01 jig of IAA ml-', respectively. The data demonstrate that the Salkowski assay is not a reliable method for measuring the IAA content of Azospirillum culture medium and that estimates in excess of 10 ,ug of IAA ml-' should be viewed with particular caution. Metabolism of [2'-_4C]IAA by A. brasilense 703Ebc yielded radiolabeled indole-3-methanol, whereas roots of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings gave rise to [14C]oxindole-3acetic acid and an array of polar metabolites. Metabolism of [2'-14C]IAA by maize roots inoculated with A. brasilense 703Ebc produced a metabolic profile characteristic of maize rather than Azospirillum species.
Preliminary report on yield productivity and mineral composition of the fig tree as a function of boron and cattle manure fertilization in Brazil.Abstract --Introduction. Information correlating leaf nutrient contents to fig tree yield is still rare in Brazil. The objective of our research was to evaluate the effect of fertilization with boron and cattle manure on fig tree productivity and the leaf and fruit nutrient contents, and to estimate the extraction of nutrients by the crop. Materials and methods. The treatments consisted of five boric acid levels [(0, 20, 40, 60 and 100) g per plant] combined with two levels of cattle manure [(0 and 10) kg per plant]. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in a split-plot scheme with four replicates. The cattle manure levels constituted the plots, and the boron levels the subplots. We studied tree productivity, macronutrient and micronutrient leaf and fruit contents, amounts of nutrients extracted per ha and per crop yield, and fig tree leaf and fruit dry matter nutrient contents as a function of sampling dates. Results. Fruit yield productivity, average fruit weight and number of fruits per tree were not affected by B fertilization but they were by cattle manure levels, which increased Résumé --Introduction. Les informations sur le lien entre la teneur en éléments nutritifs des feuilles et la productivité du figuier manquent encore au Brésil. L'objectif de nos recherches a été d'évaluer l'effet de la fertilisation avec du bore et du fumier de bovins sur la productivité du figuier, la teneur en éléments nutritifs des feuilles et d'estimer l'exportation des éléments minéraux dans les fruits récoltés. Matériel et méthodes. Les traitements ont été constitués par cinq niveaux d'acide borique [(0, 20, 40, 60 et 100) g par plant] combinés à deux doses de fumier de bovins [(0, 10) kg par plant]. Le dispositif expérimental a été celui de blocs randomisés selon un schéma de split-plot à quatre réplications. Les doses de fumier ont constitué les traitements et les niveaux de bore les sous-traitements. Nous avons étudié la productivité des arbres en fruits, la teneur des feuilles et des fruits en macro et microéléments, la quantité d'éléments minéraux extraite par ha et par récolte, la teneur minérale de la matière sèche des feuilles et des fruits en fonction des dates de prélèvement. Résultats. La productivité, le poids moyen des fruits et le nombre de fruits par arbre n'ont pas été affectés par la fertilisation en bore, mais ces paramètres ont varié avec les doses de fumier, qui ont amélioré le rendement du figuier. La teneur des feuilles et fruits en macro et micro éléments sont discutés par rapport aux résultats obtenus au Brésil déjà publiés. Les doses de fumier n'ont pas affecté de manière significative la quantité d'éléments extraits à partir de la récolte de figues vertes. Les teneurs des feuilles en Mn, Zn et B et l'extraction par le fruit du Mn et du B ont augmenté linéairement avec les différents niveaux d'acide borique. Le contenu en éléments minéraux des fe...
The purpose of this study was to determine, through the calculation of the net present value (VPL), the internal return rate (TIR) and of the Economic Payback (PBE), the economic viability of the production of Alpinia purpurata, Etlingera elatior and Anthurium andraeanum in the Rio de Janeiro State, as well as to identify and to verify by means of sensitivity analysis the influence of some factors of the production system on the profitability of the activity in the main producing regions. The results showed that the production of the tropical species is a profitable and promising activity for the farmers in the State of Rio de Janeiro. However, it is a developing market, whose factors of greatest impact on the profitability and investment return time (PBE) are the selling price of the product and the percentage of production losses. Thus, the aggregation of value and strategic planning of the production are important market measures for the consolidation of this sector.Key words: tropical flower, production, economic viability, sensitivity analysis. Indicadores econômicos da produção de flores tropicais no Estado do Rio de JaneiroEsta pesquisa teve como objetivo determinar, mediante o cálculo do valor presente líquido (VPL), da taxa interna de retorno (TIR) e do Payback Econômico (PBE), a viabilidade econômica da produção de Alpinia purpurata, Etlingera elatior e Anthurium andraeanum, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, bem como identificar e verificar, por meio da análise de sensibilidade, a influência de alguns fatores do sistema produtivo sobre a rentabilidade da atividade nas principais regiões produtoras. Os resultados mostram que a produção das espécies tropicais consideradas é uma atividade lucrativa e promissora para os agricultores no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Porém, trata-se de um mercado em construção, cujos itens de maior impacto sobre a rentabilidade e o tempo de retorno do investimento (PBE) são o preço de venda do produto e o percentual de perdas da produção. Assim, a agregação de valor e o planejamento estratégico da produção são importantes medidas mercadológicas para a consolidação deste setor.
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