Objective. To examine factors contributing to the loss of potential minority participants in a study of medication adherence among rheumatoid arthritis patients. Methods. Chi-square statistics were used to test for differences in refusal/ineligibility by race and site at 4 screening points (initial eligibility review, initial patient contact, adherence screening, and informed consent). Differences in criteria-specific risks for exclusion at initial eligibility review were examined across 4 sites by race. Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were estimated if differences were significant. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine sociodemographic factors associated with the probability for ineligibility at the initial eligibility review. Stated reasons for refusal were qualitatively quantified. Results. A greater percentage of African Americans were lost at every screening point when compared with whites, but only the difference at the initial eligibility review was statistically significant. Conclusion. Factors associated with attrition included selection of area medical sites, research design issues, comorbid conditions, alcohol abuse, and being younger, unmarried, African American, and male.
The UK is facing a huge increase in the number of people with diabetes. The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of implementation of the National Association of School Nurse's (NASN) position statement in the US and the school nurse's role. The results support the need for the nurse's role in schools to improve the student with diabetes’ care management. The NASN position statement could be a good basis for designing an instrument to measure the impact of nursing's professional role in the academic community. Other school nurse organisations, including in the UK, could also benefit from a similar position statement clrealy defining the role of the school nurses in the care of children with diabetes.
Background and Purpose-This study was designed to investigate whether black women who underwent hysterectomy only (nϭ59) or hysterectomy plus bilateral oophorectomy (nϭ25) were at increased risk of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis compared with black women who underwent natural menopause (nϭ54). The effects of both surgery and menopausal status were evaluated. Methods-Women aged 34 to 58 years were recruited from the Pittsburgh, Pa, area. Postmenopausal status was defined as a serum follicle-stimulating hormone level of Ͼ30 mIU/mL. Carotid duplex scans were performed to assess the degree of focal plaque. Results-Among premenopausal women, focal plaque was present in 20% of nonhysterectomized versus 49% of hysterectomized-only women (Pϭ.004). Among postmenopausal women, plaque was present in 69% of nonhysterectomized women, 86% of women with hysterectomy only, and 48% of women with oophorectomy and hysterectomy (Pϭ.056). Among postmenopausal women, hormone replacement therapy was used by 23% of women who had undergone natural menopause, 0% of women with hysterectomy only, and 36% of women with oophorectomy and hysterectomy. The prevalence of plaque was 33% among hormone replacement therapy users versus 73% among nonusers (Pϭ.014). In multivariate analysis, independent associations with the presence of at least 1 plaque were postmenopausal status and hysterectomy only. Conclusions-These data suggest that black women who undergo hysterectomy without oophorectomy may be at higher risk of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis than black women who undergo natural menopause or hysterectomy plus oophorectomy. (Stroke. 1998;29:759-764.)
The purpose of this study was to (a) determine how effective the state's campaign has been in informing rural and urban residents who are reliant on electronic medical equipment about the campaign and (b) determine how effective the state campaign has been in informing medical suppliers about the campaign. Approximately 2,000 residents were interviewed about their understanding of the emergency preparedness campaign. Results indicate that approximately 74% of the rural residents and 82% or the urban residents using electronic medical equipment were unaware of the state's disaster preparedness program. Implications for home health clinicians are discussed.
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