Beyond predetermined Performance Scale differences, a group of 24 children with learning disabilities having a lower Verbal, higher Performance IQ profile on the WISC-R and 33 slow learners were not found to be otherwise distinguished by their individual WISC-R subtest scores or subtest scatter. The majority of children were males, white, of lower to middle socioeconomic status and ranged in age from 6 to 13 years.
Although research on children's thinking about children's rights has increased over the past few decades, there has been virtually no study of children with maltreatment histories who live in state care. This group is particularly vulnerable, having suffered profound violations of their right to security at the hands of their caregivers and often residing in non-kinship settings. We examined conceptions and attitudes about nurturance and self-determination rights in 100 10-18-year-old maltreated children living in state care in Toronto, Canada. Participants demonstrated a more accurate definition of a right than typically-developing youth in previous studies. Rights that were salient related predominantly to participants' current – rather than historical – circumstances. However, compared to nonmaltreated children in previous research, there was a greater focus on rights related to protection and access to basic needs, which suggests that basic issues of protection and provision are still quite relevant in their lives. While type of maltreatment did not relate to participants' thinking about rights, differences emerged between youth living in foster care and group homes. In general, rights that appeared salient to participants had an aspirational quality in that they related to opportunities or benefits that they deemed important but may not have experienced. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.
IQ-achievement discrepancy criteria identified 24 children with learning disabilities (LD) having a lower Verbal-higher Performance (LV-HP) WISC-R IQ profile and 33 children with slower learning (SL). The majority of children were white males of lower to middle-class background and ranged in age from 77 to 159 months. Except for predetermined Performance scale group differences, children with LD were not found to be otherwise distinguished by differences on WISC-R subtest scores, subtest scatter, or variation among Kaufman and Bannatyne category scores. Only one of the WISC-R profile differences that was an advantage for the children with LD satisfied test criteria for clinical significance. None of the differences predicted their reading, spelling, or aritlunetic achievement. Results suggest that children who are differentially identified as LV-HP LD or SL based on IQ achievement discrepancy criteria may not be distinguishable on any other aspects of their WISC-R profile that are related to their basic academic performance .
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