BackgroundBoth poor aerobic fitness and obesity, separately, are associated with abnormal lipid profiles.ObjectiveTo identify possible relationships of dyslipidemia with cardiorespiratory fitness and obesity, evaluated together, in children and adolescents.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 1,243 children and adolescents (563 males and 680 females) between 7 and 17 years of age from 19 schools. Obesity was assessed using body mass index (BMI) measurements, and cardiorespiratory fitness was determined via a 9-minute run/walk test. To analyze the lipid profile of each subject, the following markers were used: total cholesterol, cholesterol fractions (high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein) and triglycerides. Data were analyzed using SPSS v. 20.0, via prevalence ratio (PR), using the Poisson regression.ResultsDyslipidemia is more prevalent among unfit/overweight-obese children and adolescents compared with fit/underweight-normal weight boys (PR: 1.25; p = 0.007) and girls (PR: 1.30, p = 0.001).ConclusionsThe prevalence of dyslipidemia is directly related to both obesity and lower levels of cardiorespiratory fitness.
There is an association between the AA genotype of rs9939609 polymorphism and BMI among schoolchildren. The association between overweight/obesity in schoolchildren with a family history of obesity was found mainly among students with the AA genotype.
The scope of this study was to verify the association between different overweight and obesity parameters and the metabolic risk profile among school-age students. The randomized cross-sectional study included 1254 children and adolescents, aged 7 to 17, from a city in southern Brazil. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and percentage of fat (PF), measured at the triceps and based on subscapular skinfold thickness, were used as the parameters to evaluate overweight/obesity status. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density protein cholesterol (LDL) and triglycerides were also measured. The metabolic risk profile was calculated based on the sum of the z score of the metabolic variables adjusted by age. A three-model Poisson analysis was used to verify the association between BMI, WC and PF with metabolic risk profile. BMI showed the highest probability for developing metabolic risk compared with WC (overweight - PR: 1.63 and obesity – PR: 3.87) and PF (overweight – PR: 1.62 and obesity – PR: 2.92). In conclusion, BMI seems to be a better parameter of overweight/obesity than WC and PF in the assessment of metabolic risk among youths.
Human T cell lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) is a deltaretrovirus endemic in Indian populations living in Central and South America, among Pygmies tribes from Central Africa, and epidemic among injecting drug users (IDUs) in the United States, Europe, Southeast Asia, and South America. To date only the HTLV-IIa subtype has been demonstrated among Brazilians (Amazon basin Indians, blood donors, and IDUs). We analyzed HTLV-II isolates from 12 individuals living in the urban area of Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil, identified as seropositive for HTLVI/II in a blood donation. The HTLV-II long terminal repeat (LTR) region was sequenced and compared with nucleotide sequences of isolates HTLV-IIa (Mo), HTLV-IIb (NRA) prototypes. Phylogenetic analysis of the LTR region demonstrated that seven new isolates clustered together with American Indians HTLV-IIb isolates, and five new HTLV-IIa isolates clustered within the HTLV-IIa Brazilian subgroup, named the HTLV-IIc subtype. Both HTLV-IIa and IIb seem to be endemic in the urban area of Porto Alegre, South of Brazil, and could have reached this region via the Amazon basin and the Pacific Coast ancient human migratory pathways. To our knowledge this is the first study demonstrating the presence of HTLV-IIb among the urban population in Brazil.
Background The presence of dyslipidemia and behavioral aspects are determinants of cardiovascular risk, especially in childhood and adolescence. Objective To verify possible relationships between dyslipidemia, cultural factors, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in schoolchildren. Methods This cross-sectional study evaluated a sample of 1,254 children and adolescents between the ages of 7 and 17 from the South of Brazil, 686 of whom were female. Dyslipidemia was defined as increased levels of at least one of the following lipid profile parameters: triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and fractions of high (HDL-c) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c). Cultural aspects were evaluated by a self-reported questionnaire. Data were analyzed by logistic regression, considering the odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) at 95%. Results The results revealed a high prevalence of dyslipidemia (41.9%), which was associated with female sex (OR: 1.56; IC: 1.24-1.96) and overweight/obese status (OR: 1.55; IC: 1.20-2.00). When lipid profile parameters were evaluated separately, high levels of LDL-c were observed to be associated with sedentary school transport (OR: 1.59; IC: 1.20-2.09). Schoolchildren who were overweight/obese had higher chances of elevated levels of TC (OR: 1.40; IC: 1.07-1.84) and TG (OR: 3.21; IC: 1.96-5.26). HDL-c was shown to be related to high television time (OR: 1.59; IC: 1.00-2.54). Conclusion Alterations in lipid parameters are associated with cultural factors, especially those related to sedentary lifestyle and low levels of CRF.
The low prevalence of MetS and the low agreement among the existing criteria suggest the elaboration of new criteria for the diagnosis of MetS in the child and adolescent population. What is Known: • There are different criteria for the diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), without a consensus of which is the best to be used in the infant-juvenile population. What is New: • Low prevalence of MetS identified among schoolchildren and the low agreement among the existing criteria suggest the elaboration of new criteria for the diagnosis of MetS in the child and adolescent population.
RESUMOAs infecções causadas por parasitoses intestinais apresentam ampla distribuição mundialmente, principalmente nos países em desenvolvimento, sendo assim, um sério problema de saúde pública. Objetivo: verificar a frequência de parasitoses intestinais em crianças de uma creche de Santa Cruz do Sul, com idades entre 0 a 5 anos e meio, bem como caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico e de moradia dos sujeitos. Método: estudo transversal, em que foram coletadas amostras fecais de 31 crianças. Estas amostras foram submetidas ao método de Hoffman, Pons e Janer. Para a avaliação do perfil sociodemográfico e condições de moradia, foi aplicado um questionário com os pais e/ou responsáveis dos sujeitos. Resultados: observa-se alta a positividade de parasitoses (32,3%), não apresentando diferença significativa entre o sexo masculino e feminino. Foram encontrados dois tipos de parasitos nas amostras, sendo o protozoário Giardia lamblia, o mais frequente (90,0%), seguido pelo helminto Ascaris lumbricoides (10,0%). De acordo com as características sociodemográficas e de moradia, observa-se que os pais dos sujeitos apresentam, em sua maioria, escolaridade baixa, moradia do tipo alvenaria (51,6%), rede pública de esgoto (58,1%) e sistema de abastecimento de água (80,6%). Apesar disso, é relevante destacar que muitos sujeitos não possuem condições adequadas de saneamento básico. Outro fator importante é o consumo de água para beber direto da torneira (74,2%), o solo, como local para brincadeiras das crianças, bem como o alto percentual de animais de estimação presentes nas residências dos sujeitos (74,2%). Considerações finais: torna-se fundamental a implementação de programas e estratégias de educação em saúde, objetivando a prevenção e minimização das parasitoses intestinais, engajando neste processo, órgãos governamentais, educadores, profissionais da área da saúde, pais e responsáveis, além da comunidade em geral.
KEYWORDS Intensive Care Units Surface MicroorganismsJustifi cativa e Objetivos: Avaliar a presença de microrganismos em superfícies da UTI adulta de um Hospital no Vale do Rio Pardo, RS. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal e observacional onde foram incluídas 45 amostras de swabs de superfícies da UTI no mês de agosto de 2012. As amostras foram coletadas e incubadas em meio líquido Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) e levadas ao laboratório de Microbiologia da Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (Unisc) para realizar os testes microbiológicos. Resultados: Foi detectada a presença de 40 cepas em 38 superfícies com a prevalência de Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidemidis) em 42% e do Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) em 37%. No antibiograma 85,7% das cepas de S.aureus e 92,8% das cepas de S. epidermidis isoladas apresentaram resistência à penicilina e para à oxacilina o perfi l de resistência foi de 64,2% e 7,1% respectivamente. Conclusão: Nesse estudo houve uma alta incidência da contaminação ambiental por S. epidermidis e S. aureus. Esta situação pode representar um risco à saúde tanto do paciente quanto do profi ssional. Sendo assim, intervenções de prevenção devem ser implementadas e os programas de reeducação e incentivo às boas práticas dentro de uma unidade hospitalar são de fundamental importância, pois somente com ações direcionadas poderá diminuir a disseminação e resistência aos antimicrobianos. Backgound and Objectives
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