Highlights d Human BCG vaccination induces a persistent innate immune training of CD14 + monocytes d BCG vaccination imprints a persistent transcriptomic myeloid bias on human HSPCs d Hepatic nuclear factors are regulators of BCG-induced trained immunity in HSPCs d BCG induces persistent epigenetic changes in peripheral CD14 + monocytes

This study shows that food animals are a major reservoir of E. coli with multidrug resistance to many antibiotics that are ranked as critically important in human medicine.

Insufficient dietary fibre intake is common in Hong Kong pre-school children. Constipated children had significantly lower intakes of dietary fibre and micronutrients including vitamin C, folate and magnesium than non-constipated counterparts which was attributable to under-consumption of plant foods. However, milk intake was marginally higher in the constipated children. More public education is necessary for parents to help develop healthy dietary habit and bowel habit in early life in order to prevent childhood constipation.