An overview of air-bearing spacecraft simulators is provided. Air bearings have been used for satellite attitude determination and control hardware veri cation and software development for nearly 45 years. It is interesting to consider the history of this technology: how early systems were rst devised and what diverse capabilities current systems provide. First a survey is given of planar systems that give a payload freedom to translate and spin. Then several classes of rotational air bearings are discussed: those which simulate three-axis satellite attitude dynamics. The subsequent section discusses perhaps the most interesting facilities: those that provide both translational and three-dimensional rotational freedom. The diverse capabilities each style of air-bearing testbed provides, the many settings they can be found in, and ways to improve facility performance are described.
An overview of air-bearing spacecraft simulators is provided. Air bearings have been used for satellite attitude determination and control hardware veri cation and software development for nearly 45 years. It is interesting to consider the history of this technology: how early systems were rst devised and what diverse capabilities current systems provide. First a survey is given of planar systems that give a payload freedom to translate and spin. Then several classes of rotational air bearings are discussed: those which simulate three-axis satellite attitude dynamics. The subsequent section discusses perhaps the most interesting facilities: those that provide both translational and three-dimensional rotational freedom. The diverse capabilities each style of air-bearing testbed provides, the many settings they can be found in, and ways to improve facility performance are described.
Focus groups are a frequently employed and valued method of data collection in the Social Sciences. This article specifically addresses maximizing the benefits of focus groups through the framework of culturally responsive research practice. Discussion of authors' research projects which utilized focus groups are presented in order to illuminate the advantages of using culturally responsive focus groups (CRFGs) in data collection. Three types of focus groups are discussed: traditional focus groups, CRFGs, and naturally occurring CRFGs. Focus groups are a powerful qualitative research method which, especially when designed to be culturally responsive, facilitate collection of rich and authentic data. Culturally responsive research practice will enhance work with a wide range of populations but is particularly important when facilitating groups with persons who have been traditionally marginalized. Methodological and ethical concerns of CRFGs are discussed.
This study explores the meaning of social class in the lives of five self-identified Mexican male college students. Participants shared the significant influence social class has on their college experience. Intersections of social class and students’ Mexican identity are illuminated throughout the findings. Themes include: social class rules and symbols, the strong influence of cultural and familial messages, the role of gender and class in the Latino culture, and hope and optimism for their family’s future. Implications for creating affirming environments for Latino students and those from families with socioeconomic disadvantage are highlighted.
President Obama characterized Arizona’s recent immigration law as undermining “basic notions of fairness that we cherish as Americans.” The authors’ extend the national discussion regarding immigration to ethics and research. Therefore, the purpose of this methodological article is to advance areas for ethical consideration when researching undocumented participants. Undocumented participants have been described as vulnerable and in need of protection when researched. The authors contend that undocumented participants are capable, competent, yet vulnerable simultaneously. Characterizing these participants as wholly vulnerable is a form of Otherization. The authors present a literature review of Other, vulnerable participants, illegal participants, and undocumented persons/participants. Authors have been ethics reviewers and/or researchers of undocumented participants. Drawing on these experiences throughout the article, they provide reflexively composed narrative interludes. Methodological and ethical considerations and strategies in the areas of Culturally Responsive Relational Reflexive Ethics (CRRRE) oriented research, anonymity/confidentiality, and consent are advanced.
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