Highlights Male predominance and obesity is commonly found in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Chronic kidney disease and previous stroke are independent risk factors for death. Clinical frailty scale level is the strongest predictor for mortality among older patients.

Small doses of fentanyl or sufentanil (synthetic opioids) added to bupivacaine (local anesthetic) for spinal anesthesia for cesarean section reduce the need for intraoperative antiemetic medication and increase the duration of analgesia in the early postoperative period compared with placebo.