This paper consists of formulation of Agenda 21 progress indicators for Malaysia from its establishment in 1992 which calls on countries, organizations and non-governmental organizations to develop and use indicators of sustainable development. It provides a firm basis for decision-making on the impacts of economic activities on the environment that have to be clearly understood and taken into account. The initiatives taken by Malaysia in response to the needs identified in Agenda 21 as well as those identified through its own development planning, monitoring system and development plans. Also included are initiatives undertaken by the Federal Government, by the State Government of Selangor, and by non-governmental organizations. The approach adopted by each category of stakeholder is unique but appropriate to the mandate and modus operandi of the relevant organization. Policy-and decision-makers are becoming increasingly aware of the need to address the uncertainties and complexities of Agenda 21 more realistically. In order to do this, progress indicators must reflect the nature of relationships between disparate issues adequately. In future, the development and use of indicators to assess progress towards fulfilling the nation's Agenda 21 requires continual commitment and activities. The development of such indicators requires the participation of policy-and decision-makers, scientists, international organizations, and a knowledgeable public to work together in a joint initiative that would result in better-informed choices of indicators that capture the inter-linkages between sectors towards achieving national Agenda 21 targets.
The characteristics and the needs of the developing countries based on agriculture is rely on one of the integrated approaches known as the Traditional Village Development Approach is stressed for the regional development in Malaysia. This scenario occurs due to the failure of the previous regional development policies, particularly the limited spillover effects, has encouraged a more integrated approach. The objective of this approach is to lessen the disproportionate gap between the urban and rural areas, and at the same time upgrade the villagers' standard of living. This strategy includes agricultural improvement through ownership changes and small farm consolidation into plantations, the development of non-economic activities and the changes in settlement structure and the establishment of the growth centers. The findings of the study showed that there is still some space for action that needs to be taken in order to develop the standard of living of the rural population, particularly in identifying the priorities for the development and the overall development strategy. The most important thing is to ensure that the returns and a more optimum benefit are given to the population through a more comprehensive and collective participation.
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Currently we are witnessing significant changes in the nature of policy making and management in local government. Essentially, these changes represent a move away from the relatively passive approach towards a more purposeful approach in which local authorities attempt to learn about the nature and causes of local problems and to respond accordingly. Therefore, what is required is a theoretical framework that could explain and relates the concept of planning to the concept of power, and seeks an explanation of decision-making process. The organizational changes and complex interaction in local government that involve politicians, planners, officers and decision-making bring about the important of current practices and evaluating future changes. Thus, this article tries to propose a model of decision making-process for greater performance in local government. In the findings, there are a few factors influencing councilors in running their functions. It shows that councillor as representatives at local government level will be a good policy maker in handling local manners by adopting this proposed model. In future research, to be a greater practice of rational decision making, perhaps the stakeholders such as households, business communities, community leaders and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) will be collaborated effectively with councillor in decision making-process relates to local affairs.
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