O propósito central deste trabalho é verificar se as exportações da América Latina podem ser explicadas pela presença de concorrência monopolista com economias de escala ou oligopólios com dumping recíproco. Para cumprir esse objetivo utilizou-se a técnica de estimar, econometricamente, equações gravitacionais das exportações da América Latina para produtos diferenciados e homogêneos. As informações utilizadas contêm uma extensa relação de registros de operações de exportação de 26 países latino-americanos para 136 países do mundo. Os resultados das estimações econométricas permitem obter as seguintes conclusões: (a) as exportações de bens diferenciados dos países da América Latina são explicadas por um modelo de concorrência monopolista, com rendimentos crescentes e com livre entrada; (b) no caso das exportações de bens homogêneos, elas obedecem a um comportamento de oligopólio com dumping recíproco; (c) a América Latina ainda depende das exportações de bens homogêneos que estão associados à atividade primária.
The main concern of this paper is investigated if the Latin American exports is explain for monopolist competition with increasing returns or oligopoly competition with reciprocal dumping. For these propose we used gravitational equation for Latin-American exports for differentiated and homogeneous products. For our econometric estimation we used an extensive sample of exports of 26 Latin-American country's to 136 country's importers of the rest of the world. Our results of the research are the following (a) The Latin-American exports for differentiated goods is explain by monopoly competition and increasing returns with free entry market (b) for homogeneous goods the behavior of regional exports is associated a oligopoly competition with reciprocal dumping (c) The homogeneous goods, with are associated with primary raw materials are yet very important for the economic growth of the Latin-American country's
Background: Very few case reports of ectopic cervical pregnancy with clear photos are available in the scientific world literature. Is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality with a pregnancy-related mortality. Cervical pregnancy is more common in pregnancies achieved after assisted reproductive technologies; it occurs in 0.1% of in vitro fertilization pregnancies. The potential morbidity demonstrates the importance of early diagnosis of a cervical ectopicso as early intervention and treatment may be employed. The most common symptom of cervical pregnancy is vaginal bleeding, which is often painless.Case report: A 39 year old woman, G4 P2 C1 A0 L3, two spontaneous vaginal deliveries and last child birth by caesarean section + Pomeroy 15 years back, who underwent three embryo transfer 6.1 weeks ago; referred to the obstetric emergency department with 8 days increasing colic abdominal pain with some vaginal bleeding.Discussion: This is an interesting case report with few bleeding and increasing colic abdominal pain that did not answer to methrotexate and required a hysterectomy as the most viable solution.
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