Background: Caesarean Section (C.S.) delivery rate is steadily increasing worldwide, including India. It is difficult to determine the optimum categorisation of C.S. Robson system is most widely accepted classification worldwide. The objective of the present study is to analyze the incidence of deliveries and caesarean section rate according to Robson’s criteria at SRMS-IMS, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh.Methods: The record of total women admitted in labour unit from June 2017 to May 2018 were analyzed based on their age, parity, gestation age, mode of delivery and group they belong according to Robson’s classification.Results: Among 2560 women who delivered during the study period, 1030(40.23%) had caesarean section. Out of the total caesarean section 55.15% had primary caesarean section while repeat section were done in 44.85%. The most frequent indication for primary caesarean were fetal compromise and failure to progress while for repeat caesarean scar tenderness was the frequent indication. Robson’s group V had maximum caesarean section rate followed by group I. Breech presentation contributed to 11.55% to overall caesarean sections.Conclusions: In present study group V, I, II were found to be major contributors to overall caesarean section rates. Modifiable factor for reducing caesarean rate would be to improve successful induction of labour which would decrease primary caesarean rate hence the chance of repeat section.
Objective Comparison of papanicolaou (pap) smear and colposcopy in detection of premalignant lesions of cervix. Materials and methods A prospective clinical study was conducted in a tertiary care referral institute in 100 symptomatic, sexually active women of 20 to 60 years. All women were subjected to pap smear, colposcopy and cervical biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. Results Out of 49 positive on pap smear, 24 were true positives and 25 were false positives. Out of 51 negative pap smear findings, 45 were true negatives and 6 were false negatives. Thirty percent women had positive histopathology and colposcopic findings. Forty percent women had normal colposcopy with negative histopathology whereas 30% had positive colposcopic findings but negative histopathology. Nineteen percent of women with negative cytology were positive on colposcopy and histopathology. Conclusion Pap smear had a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 64.29% with positive predictive value of 48.98% and negative predictive value of 88.24% while sensitivity and specificity of colposcopy were 100 and 57.14% respectively and positive predictive value and negative predictive value of colposcopy were found to be 50 and 100% respectively. How to cite this article Kohli B, Arya SB, Goel JK, Sinha M, Kar J, Tapasvi I. Comparison of Pap Smear and Colposcopy in Detection of Premalignant Lesions of Cervix. J South Asian Feder Menopause Soc 2014;2(1):5-8.
To study cervical cytology and cervicovaginal infection in antenatal women.Objectives: To find out by pap smear for inflammatory, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGUS) and premalignant lesions in antenatal women.• To find out cervicovaginal infection by wet mount among antenatal women.• Correlation of cervical cytology with cervicovaginal infection.Materials and methods: Five hundred antenatal women, irrespective of gestational age, were enrolled as subjects in this prospective clinical study for blood investigations, wet mount examination of cervical discharge and pap smear.Results: Out of 500 smears, 385 women were having inflammatory smears out of which 301 were having bacterial vaginosis followed by 89 vaginal candidiasis followed by 12 were having trichomoniasis, in which 339 had a preterm delivery. Conclusion:Antenatal visits are a potential opportunity to perform screening by Pap smear and wet mount study to prevent preterm labor and improve perinatal mortality.
SUMMARYSystolic time intervals (STI) were measured non-invasively in 12 controls and 10 cases each with fever due to acute malaria, acute viral infection, typhoid fever, and fever induced by T.A.B. vaccine. Apart from tachycardia, no clinical feature of impaired cardiovascular function was present in any of the febrile cases. Abnormalities of STI were found in all febrile groups. Of the total 40 cases, only 18 showed normal STI, 2 cases showed decreased PEP/LVET indicative of hyperdynamic circulatory state, and 20 cases showed increased PEF/LVET suggesting the presence of subclinical impairment of myocardial function.
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