Follistatin-related protein (FSRP), which belongs to a member of the follistatin family, has been postulated to be a new negative regulator of myostatin (MSTN) and is involved in muscle development. In this study, we cloned the complete cDNA sequence of FSRP-1 from Chinese perch muscle. FSRP-1 mRNA was highly expressed in the fast muscle and brain tissue of adult fish. The expression of FSRP-1 rapidly increased at 90 days post hatching (dph) in the fast muscle of Chinese perch. Furthermore, to investigate the roles of FSRP-1 in muscle growth, we constructed a FSRP- 1 expression vector and isolated FSRP-1 fusion protein. The purified FSRP-1 fusion protein was injected into the muscle tissues of the Chinese perch (90 dph). The results showed that the number of muscle fibers and the satellite cell activation frequency were increased in the FSRP-1 treatment group. In addition, the myostatin (MSTN) expression was significantly decreased upon the FSRP-1 treatment. Collectively, the results suggest a possible mechanism of the FSRP-1 for inhibiting MSTN activity and enhancing muscle growth and renewal in vivo, and it may provide an applicable implication for the defected muscle repairing and regeneration.
ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to investigate the myogenic factor mRNA expression pattern of Pax7, Myf5, MyoG, and Myostatin mRNA at different ages, sexes, and muscle tissues of Datong yaks. The expression patterns in semimembranosus (SM), quadriceps femoris (QF), and triceps muscle of arm (TM) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and compared using biostatistics. The results showed that the Pax7 gene expression levels were higher in the hindquarters (SM and QF) than in the forequarters, and was higher in male compared to in female muscle (P ≤ 0.05). The Myf5 gene expression levels of male yaks were highest in QF (P ≤ 0.05), whereas the expression levels of female yaks were highest in TM (P ≤ 0.05). Female MyoG gene expression levels were higher in QF and TM compared to in male yaks. The MyoG expression was higher in all muscles at 6 months old compared to in 3-year-old muscle. The highest MSTN gene expression was found in 6-month-old TM muscle and in QF muscle of 3 years (P ≥ 0.05). In conclusion, yak muscles showed different growth patterns depending on position. At 6 months of age, the satellite cells in the male hindquarter muscles and the female forequarter muscle showed a strong proliferative ability, at the same time the satellite cells in all female muscles had a powerful differentiation ability. Hindquarter muscles appear to mainly grow at younger ages and forequarters mainly grow at older ages.
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