The determination of locations and sizes for such a system is important in a drainage master plan or a storm-water management system. However, the distribution of detentions in the upstream and midstream is often more dispersed using many combinations of volume scales. This paper uses the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm combined with the Storm Water Management Model to explore and calculate the optimal layout scheme for decentralized rainwater detention. The purpose is to find a design and planning method that can achieve the optimal balance of decentralized detention considering the aspects of flood disaster control, peak flow reduction, and investment cost. The optimal results of Pareto in applied case show that among the five most unfavourable nodes, the detentions with different layout volumes and relatively smaller size can control water logging from rainstorm. The project cost is effectively reduced and the standard of the return period of the regional rainwater system is enhanced from 2 to 20 years.
Nickel nanowires with large aspect ratio of up to 300 have been prepared by a hydrazine hydrate reduction method under applied magnetic field. The diameter of nickel nanowires is about 200 nm and length up to 60 μm. The role of magnetic field on the growth of magnetic nanowires is discussed and a magnetic nanowire growth mechanism has been proposed. Nickel ions are firstly reduced to nickel atoms by hydrazine hydrates in a strong alkaline solution and grow into tiny spherical nanoparticles. Then, these magnetic particles will align under a magnetic force and form linear chains. Furthermore, the as-formed chains can enhance the local magnetic field and attract other magnetic particles nearby, resulting finally as linear nanowires. The formation and the size of nanowires depend strongly on the magnitude of applied magnetic field.
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