Decomposed granite roadcuts are difficult to revegetate after losing the topsoil and vegetation cover. We developed a new drilling machine, Digger, to efficiently drill six holes simultaneously on decomposed granite roadcuts to facilitate revegetation. The Digger consists of a base machine (0.7 m3‐level excavator) and a mounting body with six hydraulic motors instead of a bucket. We tested its performance on two roadcuts in southwest Korea using time‐motion studies, which showed that the Digger can drill 240 m2 of decomposed granite roadcuts daily. The unit cost of the Digger was less than a half of other roadcut stabilization and revegetation techniques in Korea, making the Digger a cost‐effective revegetation technology. Field germination and growth tests were also conducted to identify appropriate diameter and depth of drilling holes, suitable revegetation species, and mulching treatment. We drilled holes with three different diameters and depths, filled the holes with a mixture of plant seeds and cultivated soil, applied mulching treatments (coir geotextile, shade net, and no mulching), and measured the germination and growth results at two field plots after 1 month and 1 year. The results showed that drilling diameter 10 cm and depth 10 cm were large enough to result in better plant germination and growth. Erosion control species, Poa pratensis L. and Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees, survived and grew better than native woody species. Coir geotextile improved the plant germination and growth. The time‐motion and revegetation results show that the Digger can be a promising technology to restore decomposed granite roadcuts. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
This study evaluates the future impact of climate change on hydrological components in a 8.54 km 2 mixed forest watershed located in the northwest of South Korea. Before future assessment, the SWAT (Soil Water Assessment Tool) model was calibrated using two years (2007-2008) and validated by using one year (2009) of daily observed streamflow, evapotranspiration, and soil moisture. Hydrological predicted values matched well with the observed values during calibration and validation (R 2 > 0.6 and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency > 0.5). The MIROC3.2hires GCM (general circulation model) data of the SRES (special report on emissions scenarios) A1B and B1 scenarios of the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) were adopted for future assessment and downscaled using the LARS-WG (Long Ashton Research Station-Weather Generator) stochastic weather generator after bias correction with 30 years (1970-2000) of ground measured data. The A1B scenario reflects a future world of very rapid economic growth, low population growth, and rapid introduction of new and more efficient technology. The B1 scenario reflects a very heterogeneous world. The underlying theme is that of strengthening regional cultural identities, with an emphasis on family values and local traditions, high population growth, and less concern for rapid economic development. As a result, the future changes in annual temperature, precipitation, and evapotranspiration showed an upward tendency and streamflow and soil moisture showed a downward tendency in both scenarios.
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