This study aims to reveal the influence of Wŏnhyo’s Kisillon so (Wŏnhyoso) on Chinese commentaries on the Awakening of Faith in Mahāyāna (AFM), which is regarded as important in East Asian Buddhism. Previous studies focused only on the influence on Fazang’s Qixinlun shu (Fazangshu), but it should be noted that the Wŏnhyoso also had an effect on the understanding of the AFM in China. First, by comparing the usage of “shenjie” in the Fazangshu and in the Wŏnhyoso, one can identify Wŏnhyoso’s unique interpretation. The Wŏnhyoso defines it as “mystical understanding as the nature of One Mind in the aspect of thusness and the nature of the mind of original enlightenment in the aspect of arising and ceasing”, whereas the Fazangshu defines “shenjie” as “an excellent comprehension”. Next, examining the usage of “shenjie” of the Wŏnhyoso in the later commentaries on the AFM after Fazang, such as the Shilun, the Zanxuanshu, the Puguanji, the Zongmishu, the Bixueji, the Shulue, and the Huiyue, has confirmed the influence of the Wŏnhyoso in Chinese Buddhism. In addition, the relationships between Chinese commentaries on the AFM were also clarified based on the commentaries’ acceptance of “shenjie”.
BackgroundPulmonary hypertension (PH) is a major cause of death in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In recent years, SLE with PH has become more common in the past few decades, and novel therapies has been developed to improve the prognosis of PH in SLE patients. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate further to identify serological and clinical factors for the development and mortality of PH in SLE patients.ObjectivesThis study aims to estimate the prevalence of PH in SLE patients and identify the factors associated with the development of and mortality from PH in SLE patients.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study of SLE patients with fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology criteria (ACR) in a single tertiary centre from February 1998 to December 2013. PH was defined as a systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (sPAP) ≥30 mmHg at rest on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). We assessed potential associated factors contributing to the development and mortality of PH in SLE patients using univariate and multivariable logistic regression models.ResultsOf 1110 patients with SLE, 48 patients were identified to have PH. Multivariable analysis indicated that pleuritis or pericarditis (odds ratio (OR)=4.62, 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.46 to 8.70, p<0.01), anti-RNP antibody (OR=2.42, 95% CI=1.21 to 4.82, p=0.01), interstitial lung disease (ILD) (OR=8.34, 95% CI=2.21 to 31.54, p<0.01), and cerebro-cardiovascular disease (OR=13.37, 95% CI=3.56 to 50.21, p<0.01) were independently associated with the development of PH in SLE. Subgroup analysis among patients with PH demonstrated that there were no statistically significant factors associated with PH mortality in SLE.Abstract THU0335 – Table 1Factors associated with pulmonary hypertension development in systemic lupus erythematosusConclusionsThe prevalence of PH was 4.3% in our cohort. There were significant associations with pleuritis or pericarditis, ILD, cerebro-cardiovascular disease, and anti-RNP antibody in SLE, which may contribute to the development of PH. However, there were no statistically significant factors correlating PH mortality in SLE.References[1] Prabu A, Patel K, Yee CS, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with lupus. Rheumatology (Oxford)2009; 48:1506–11.[2] Li M, Wang Q, Zhao J, et al. Chinese SLE Treatment and Research group (CSTAR) registry: II. Prevalence and risk factors of pulmonary arterial hypertension in Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus2014;23:1085–91.Disclosure of InterestNone declared
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