The trioma approach is a new immunotherapeutic strategy for treating B-cell lymphomas. It is based on converting the tumour idiotype to a bispecific immunoglobulin that redirects the idiotype to antigen-presenting cells. We show here that even pre-existing tumours can be eradicated by trioma vaccination, that the trioma approach is superior to vaccination with cytokine gene-modified autologous tumour cells and that there is a synergism between trioma immunisation and GM-CSF gene transfer. Furthermore, we show that the immunising potential of GM-CSF gene-modified autologous lymphoma cells is not as dependent on the cytokine expression level as described for other tumour models, such that even minute expression rates are effective. IL-4 gene transfer in the lymphoma model is considerably less efficient or even ineffective when more sensitive systems are used. Remarkably, trioma-mediated effects are extinguished when IL-4 is expressed by the trioma cell. Int.
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