It is shown that the extension of the spacetime supersymmetric Green-Schwarz covariant superstring action to p -dimensional extended objects (pbranes) is possible if and only if the on-shell p -dimensional bose and fermi degrees of freedom are equal. This is further evidence for world-tube supersymmetry in these models. All the p -brane models are related to superstring actions in d = 3, 4, 6 or 10 dimensions by double dimensional reduction, (which we generalise to reduction on arbitrary compact spaces), and we also show how they may be considered as topological defects of supergravity theories.

Helped to interpret the analyses and write the report Conflict of interest statements: NK and TK were chair and facilitator, respectively, of NICE clinical guideline 133 on self-harm (longer term management). The other authors were members of the guideline development group. NK sits on the Department of Health's (England) National Suicide Prevention Strategy Advisory Group. Some authors were also co-authors on primary studies included in the review.Role of funding source: This study was funded in part by NICE during the development of the NICE guideline for self-harm: longer term management Ethics committee approval: Not applicable PRISMA statement: Please refer to online appendix. AbstractBackground: Suicide and self-harm are major public health problems. People with a history of self-harm are at a far greater risk of suicide than the general population. However, the relationship between self-harm and suicide is complex. We have undertaken the first systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies of risk factors and risk assessment scales to predict suicide following self-harm, undertaken as part of the development of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline.

Giant cell arteritis is associated with a markedly increased risk for the development of aortic aneurysm, which is often a late complication and may cause death.

Local conserved charges in principal chiral models in 1+1 dimensions are investigated.There is a classically conserved local charge for each totally symmetric invariant tensor of the underlying group. These local charges are shown to be in involution with the non-local Yangian charges. The Poisson bracket algebra of the local charges is then studied. For each classical algebra, an infinite set of local charges with spins equal to the exponents modulo the Coxeter number is constructed, and it is shown that these commute with one another. Brief comments are made on the evidence for, and implications of, survival of these charges in the quantum theory.

The present study reports the clinical characteristics and natural history of CHF as it presents in the community in the vasodilator era. CHF is a disease of the "very elderly," frequently occurs in the setting of normal ejection fraction, and has a poor prognosis, regardless of the level of systolic function. Diagnostic and therapeutic methods are underused in the community.