Injuries can have a major impact on the physical performance and academic career of physical education teacher education (PETE) students. To investigate the injury problem, risk factors, and the impact of injuries on academic success, 252 PETE students were followed during their first semester. Risk factor analysis was conducted by means of logistic regression analysis with a differentiation for upper body, lower body, acute, overuse, and severe injuries. An incidence of 1.26 injuries/student/semester was found. Most injuries involved the lower body (61%), were new injuries (76%), occurred acutely (66%), and were sustained during curricular gymnastics (25%) or extracurricular soccer (28%). Significant risk factors for lower body acute injuries were age (OR=2.14; P=.01), previous injury (OR=2.23; P=.01), and an injury at the start of the year (OR=2.56; P=.02). For lower body overuse injuries, gender (OR=2.85; P=.02) and the interval shuttle run test score (OR=2.44; P=.04) were significant risk factors. Previous injury (OR=2.59; P=.04) and injury at the start of the year (upper body: OR=4.57; P=.02; lower body: OR=3.75; P<.01) were risk factors for severe injuries. Injury-related time loss was positively related to total academic success (r=.20; P=.02) and success in theoretical courses (r=.24; P=<.01). No association was found between time loss and academic success for sport courses.
Background Participation in sports has beneficial effects on health. Unfortunately there are also negative effects due to sports injuries. The number of sports injuries in the Netherlands is about 3.6 million every year. A lot of those injuries occur during soccer. TNO developed a web-Based Injury information System (BIS) to study sports injuries. Objective To study the incidence, location, severity and risk factors of professional soccer and futsal injuries. Design In soccer a prospective cohort study was carried out by means of web-based information gathering. Data on background, injuries and recovery were registered during the season by the medical staff. A retrospective cohort study was carried out in futsal. Same data were collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire for the players. Setting Three cohorts of players were followed during one season: professional male soccer (2007), professional female soccer (2007–2008) and premier league male futsal (2009–2010). Participants 1.039 elite male soccer players, 118 elite female soccer players and 77 elite male futsal players. Outcome measurements Incidence, location, type, re-injury, overuse/trauma, duration of injuries. An injury was defined as physical complaints caused by soccer/futsal and resulting in a time loss from soccer/futsal of at least 1 day. Results Male soccer: 965 injuries, incidence 5.9, knee 20%, sprain/ligament 20%, 15% re-injury, 67% trauma, average duration 34 days. Female soccer: 125 injuries, incidence unknown, knee 22%, sprain/ligament 32%, 16% reinjury, 73% trauma, average duration 21 days. Male futsal: 58 injuries, incidence 3.1, ankle 38%, sprain/ligament 38%, 41% re-injury, 74% trauma, duration: 27% more than 4 weeks. Conclusions The rate of injuries among professional (fe)male soccer and premier league male futsal is high. Results for male and female soccer are in general comparable but different from results for futsal. BIS provides sports leagues with information that might help to improve their prevention management.
BackgroundRisk for injury in professional soccer is one of the largest in sports. Next to negative aspects for players' health, in professional soccer the absence of players due to injury leads to high costs. Therefore it is important to gain knowledge on injury risk factors within this specific athletic population to draw up measures that may prevent injuries.ObjectiveTo systematically review intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors which are related to injuries in male professional soccer players.DesignA computerised literature search was carried out in Medline, Embase, SportDiscus and PsycInfo to search for relevant original studies. A study was included if: (1) it contained data of professional, adult, male soccer players; (2) it concerned a prospective or retrospective cohort study covering at least half a season; (3) it addressed data of at least one team; (4) it assessed risk factors for injuries. All relevant studies were assessed for quality.ResultsIn total 313 articles were found, of which 14 were identified as being relevant and of sufficient methodological quality. In total 14 potential intrinsic and nine potential extrinsic risk factors were investigated in the included studies. From these, previous injury, preseason strength imbalances, decreased muscle flexibility and a preseason ultrasonic abnormality in the Achilles tendon were reported in the literature as intrinsic risk factors for injury. With regard to extrinsic risk factors artificial turf, match result, and time of the season were associated with injury occurrence.ConclusionTo date, aetiological studies in professional soccer have mainly charted player characteristics, for example, age, playing position, strength, and ankle stability. According to the literature 23 potential risk factors have been investigated, and only seven have been associated with the occurrence of injury. Future research should further explore modifiable extrinsic risk factors, and translate ascertained factors into practical preventive efforts.
Background Sports injuries are highly disadvantageous for Physical Education (PE) students, because they can lead to physical discomfort, and absence from sports classes resulting in higher study career costs. Objective To investigate the magnitude of the injury problem in PE students and to explore risk factors for sustaining an injury. Design A prospective cohort study with six months follow up. Participants and setting 280 Dutch freshmen PE students. Assessment of risk factors Prior to the start of the school year, all students underwent a medical examination to assess height, weight, percentage of body fat, blood pressure, visual acuity, muscle-skeletal functioning, and cardio-respiratory endurance. During the six months follow up, an online questionnaire was conducted on a weekly basis to monitor injuries and illnesses (OSTRC Overuse Injury Questionnaire). Furthermore, every two weeks an online questionnaire (POMS and RESTQ-Sports) was administered to measure mood and perceived stress and recovery of the students. Main outcome measures Frequencies and characteristics of injuries and illnesses. Results According to the OSTRC Overuse Injury Questionnaire, 22.5% of the students had physical problems regarding injuries during the first month of the school year, and 11.2% of the students were ill. Data collection will end in February 2014. We will perform a logistic regression analysis to test whether the injured students differ significantly from non injured students based on characteristics such as age, sex, body composition, and muscle-skeletal functioning. Conclusions Preliminary results showed that the risk of sustaining an injury and becoming ill is high for freshmen PE students. Screening at the start of the school year may play an important role in identifying the students at risk.
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