Introducción. El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas e ilegales es un problema que muestra frecuencias crecientes de hasta 30% en estudiantes universitarios.Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia y los factores asociados al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas e ilegales en los estudiantes de una universidad colombiana.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal. La población fue una muestra representativa de 343 estudiantes. Se utilizó una encuesta anónima sobre el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en población universitaria y sus factores asociados.Resultados. El 31.5% de los encuestdaos manifestaron haber consumido alguna sustancia psicoactiva ilegal en algún momento de los últimos 12 meses. El promedio de edad del primer consumo fue 17±2.1 años, teniendo en cuenta que 61.1% correspondió a marihuana. Todos los factores asociados que se consideraron mostraron una relación significativa con el consumo en los últimos 30 días, un año y alguna vez en la vida. Asimismo, los problemas familiares fueron el factor asociado con mayor razón de prevalencia (RP=15.467, consumo último año), seguido de presión de amigos (RP=7.847).Conclusiones. El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas ilegales en la población estudiantil de la universidad analizada parece ser considerable, lo que sugiere una intervención con énfasis en los programas más involucrados.
with resistance to zoliflodacin, all located in the gyrB gene: D429N, K450N, and K450T. To determine the prevalence of those mutations within N. gonorrhoeae whole genome sequences, we searched PathogenWatch, an online global database for genomic surveillance. Methods We downloaded all available N. gonorrhoeae genomes from PathogenWatch (https://pathogen.watch/) on November 17th, 2020. The gyrB and gyrA gene sequences were obtained from the EzBioCloud database. We used the N. gonorrhoeae FA 1090 genome as our reference, and the wildtype gyrA sequence was included in our search as a control. BLAST (2.2.26+) was used to query each of the two genes to the reference genomes with a 60% identity/length threshold value. Biopython BLAST IO package was used to parse the result, and subsequent DNA translation to protein was conducted. The counts of the mutations of interest were measured using in-house python code, which generates the counts of different amino acids with given position value. Some fragmented genes were manually validated after the protein alignment using MUSCLE (3.8.31). Results In total, 12,943 N. gonorrhoeae genomes were searched. No sequences contained the D429N, K450N, or K450T mutations in gyrB. One sequence was identified with a D429V mutation, a mutation previously unreported but similar to D429N. In total, 5395 sequences harbored the gyrA S91F mutation, while 5392 (99.9%) of those sequences were correctly identified by PathogenWatch. The three gyrA sequences with discrepancies were confirmed manually. Conclusion Of the 12,943 publicly available N. gonorrhoeae genomes on the PathogenWatch database, none were found to harbor mutations in gyrB known to be associated with zoliflodacin resistance. When zoliflodacin becomes clinically available, resistance due to known mutations in gyrB is likely to be rare.
Out of 632 samples tested, 26 led to an invalid result (4.1%) due to a reduced signal for the sample control (SC). A weak PCR performance was observed in 3.5% of all samples tested. Interestingly, PCR failure rate was more prominent among anal specimens (21.1%). Conclusion The high prevalence of HPV infections in menshows that routine testing is justified. FLOQSwabs ® proved to be the main criterion for a robust HPV analysis allowing sufficient collection of cellular material. Further studies need to be conducted to improve collection and processing of anal samples to increase number of valid anal samples.
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