A sensitive immunoassay based on latex particle agglutination has been developed for measuring lipoprotein Lp(a) concentrations in serum or plasma. Carboxylated latex particles (diameter 240 nm) covalently coated with F(ab')2 fragments of anti-lipoprotein Lp(a) antibodies are incubated with diluted sample (400-fold) for 12 min at room temperature, with the resulting agglutination quantified by measuring the change of light-scatter produced. The assay has been automated on the Behring nephelometer analyzer with a sampling rate of 150 samples/hour. This assay generates a standard curve in the range of 27 to 1750 mg/L, showing inter-assay precision of less than 8%. There were no interferences from plasminogen, bilirubin, Intralipid, haemoglobin, rheumatoid factor, and apolipoprotein B. No significant differences were observed when fresh and frozen samples were compared. Sample pretreatment with "Lipoclean" clearing agent and sample lyophilization decreased the agglutinating reaction. In two separate studies using 77 and 112 patient sera the Lp(a) values, determined by the latex nephelometric method, the Terumo Macra Lp(a) ELISA test, and the Pharmacia Apo(a) radioimmunoassay method, gave correlation coefficients of 0.948 and 0.974, respectively. Physiological lipoprotein (a) values were determined in a blood donor group, with the distribution of serum Lp(a) highly skewed, with a mean (SD) and median values of 213(236) mg/L and 116 mg/L, respectively. Concentrations of Lp(a) were found to be age- and sex-independent. This latex nephelometric procedure is a convenient method and an interesting alternative to other immunoassays for routine measurement of human lipoprotein (a).

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The interference of endogenous IgG in the identification of anti-HCV antibodies was studied in three second-generation enzymeimmunoassays. The addition of increasing concentrations of this immunoglobulin led to the appearance of false positives. The results obtained confirm the hypothesis that a non-specific binding of the IgG with the support material used was responsible for this interference.

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