No abstract

No abstract

Relatively little is known about the factors that influence firms’ water recirculation decisions. This paper estimates an econometric model that jointly considers two facets of firms’ recirculation behavior: first, the discrete decision of whether to recirculate and, second, the decision of how much to recirculate. The model is estimated by applying the Heckman two‐stage estimation procedure to cross‐sectional data from Environment Canada's 1996 Industrial Water Use Survey. In the first stage, long‐run factors, such as relative water scarcity and production technologies, are found to influence the decision whether to recirculate water. In the second stage, the imputed prices of intake water and water recirculation as well as the scale of operations are found to influence the choice of the optimal quantity of water to recirculate. Les facteurs qui influencent les décisions des entreprises concernant le recyclage de l’eau sont assez peu connus. Dans le présent article, nous avons estimé un modèle économétrique qui tient compte de deux aspects du comportement des entreprises envers le recyclage de l’eau : le choix de recycler l’eau ou non et le choix de la quantité d’eau à recycler. Nous avons estimé le modèle à l’aide de la procédure en deux étapes de Heckman que nous avons appliquée à des données transversales tirées de l’Enquête sur l’utilisation industrielle de l’eau, réalisée par Environnement Canada en 1996. À la première étape, des facteurs à long terme tels que la rareté relative de l’eau et les technologies de production influent sur la décision de recycler l’eau ou non. À la deuxième étape, les prix imputés du captage et du recyclage de l’eau ainsi que l’envergure des opérations influent sur le choix de la quantité optimale d’eau à recycler.

"The marketing of table eggs, broiler hatching eggs, chickens, and turkeys in Canada is limited by federal and provincial supply management (SM) legislation through production quotas. The respective national regulatory agencies in each of these industries allocate, among the provinces, growth in national quotas called "overbase." Federal legislation stipulates that the allocation of overbase among provinces must take into account the principle of comparative advantage (CA) of production. None of the agencies pertaining to the feather industry has ever identified and applied CA in national quota allocation decisions. To fill this void, we modify the "revealed comparative advantage" approach developed by Balassa and Bowen to identify CA and develop a provincial agricultural CA index to assign overbase allocations among provinces. Overbase quota allocations should shift toward the agriculturally intensive Prairie provinces that have a CA in the Canadian feather industry and away from the nonagricultural industry-intensive provinces. Our method of SM overbase quota allocation is consistent with the objectives of Canadian SM legislation." Copyright (c)2008 Canadian Agricultural Economics Society.

The establishment of quality assurance systems is an important development in the wine sector, particularly so for new and emerging wine regions. Focusing on the Canadian wine industry, this article examines the determinants of a winery's decision to adopt Vintners Quality Alliance (VQA) certification for wines. The analysis also examines whether wineries seek VQA certification for higher-priced wines or whether VQA certification leads to higher wine prices. To examine the certification decision, a probit model is applied to a detailed data set of Canadian wines sold in Ontario over the period [2007][2008][2009][2010][2011][2012]. Wines from wineries that supply large volumes of wines (more than 1,000 cases) are more likely to have VQA certification, as well as ice wines and wines from specific regions. A Hausman specification test for endogeneity suggests that VQA certification leads to higher wine prices and not the other way around. (JEL Classifications: D22, L15, L66, Q13)