Dealuminated form of BEA zeolite with Si/Al ratio of 1500 was used for synthesis Ag 2.0 SiBEA, Ni 2.0 SiBEA and Ag 2.0 Ni 2.0 SiBEA by two-step postsynthesis method. The calcination of zeolite samples led to formation of well dispersed isolated mononuclear Ag(I) and Ag n δ+ clusters and a pseudo-tetrahedral Ni(II), incorporated in BEA framework as evidenced by DR UV-vis investigations. The treatment of samples in flowing 10 % H 2 /Ar stream gave small (average 3.1 nm) and well dispersed metals nanoparticles. Reduced catalysts were investigated in 1,2-dichloroethane hydrodechlorination at atmospheric pressure, at low reaction temperature (523 K) with ~100% of selectivity to ethylene, desired product of the reaction.
The aim of this work is to develop a new type of carbon-ceramic membranes for the removal of pharmaceutical substances from water. The membranes were prepared by the chemical modification method using an organosilicon precursor—octadecyltrichlorosilane (ODTS). Graphene oxide, multi-walled carbon nanotubes with carboxylic groups, and single-walled carbon nanotubes were used in the modification process. The filtration properties and adsorption properties of the developed membranes were tested. In order to characterize the membrane, the water permeability, the change of the permeate flux in time, and the adsorbed mass of the substance were determined. Additionally, the surface properties of the membranes were characterized by contact angle measurements and porosimetry. The antibiotic tetracycline was used in the adsorption tests. Based on the results, the improved adsorption properties of the modified membrane in relation to the unmodified membrane were noticed. Novel ceramic membranes modified with MWCNT are characterized by 45.4% removal of tetracycline and permeate flux of 520 L·h·m−2·bar−1. We demonstrated the ability of modified membranes to adsorb pharmaceuticals from water streams that are in contact with the membrane. Novel membranes retain their filtration properties. Therefore, such membranes can be used in an integrated filtration–adsorption process.
In the aquatic environment, substances of pharmacological origin are common contaminants. The difficulty of removing them from water is a problem for the implementation of a circular economy policy. When recycling water, an effort should be made to remove, or at least, minimize the presence of these substances in the water. Porous membranes with a new functionality consisting in their adsorption capacity towards pharmaceutical substances have been developed. A Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) membrane with Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles as an adsorbent was prepared. By implementing an integrated filtration-adsorption process using sulphadiazine, as a representative of pharmacological substances, 57 mg/m2 of adsorption capacity has been obtained, which is an improvement in adsorption properties of more than 50 times that of a commercial membrane. At the same time the membrane permeability is 0.29 m3/(h·m2·bar), which means that the membrane’s permeability was improved by 75%.
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