This paper is dedicated to a type of perforated silicon metamaterials, possessing anapole mode in visible spectral range due to destructive interference between electric and toroidal dipole moments. The proposed structure gains both in attainable material and simplified fabrication. Such a material exhibits a desirable physical effect and has obvious practical application: it supports the anapole mode without complicated 3D toroidal geometry and can be processed in one step by nanofabrication methods. The metamaterial paves the way for advanced optical devices on the base of all‐dielectric metamaterials. Besides inherently low dissipative losses and strong anapole response, such an optical metamaterial can demonstrate subtle sensing, nonradiative data transfer, Aharonov‐Bohm effect and other tempting applications in nanophotonics.
Dynamic anapole is a promising element for future nonradiating devices, such as cloaked sources and sensors, quantum emitters, and especially the sources for observing dynamic Aharonov-Bohm effect. However, the anapole response can be damped by the Joule losses. In this paper we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel type of active all-dielectric source, which is in some sense, realizes the elementary anapole of Afanasiev, and study its radiative/nonradiative regimes in the microwave range.
We experimentally demonstrate for the first time the toroidal dipolar response in metamaterials based on clusters of cylindrical dielectric particles in microwave frequency range. Instead of expensive ceramic elements we used distilled water with permittivity at room temperature is about 75, while the dielectric loss tangent is not large at frequencies up to 4 GHz. Moreover, we show all-dielectric metamaterial consisting of water box with hollow tubes which is more practical for future applications. Our findings also demonstrate that the proposed ideas can be applicable in optics with low-index dielectrics.
Optical Metamaterials
Anapole metamaterials are desirable for non‐radiating configurations and invisibility particles in nanophotonics. However, silicon metamaterials are suitable for optics and gains in simplified fabrication due to one‐step holes for anapole mode demonstration by focused ion beam methods, for instance. In article number https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201800005, Alexey A. Basharin and co‐workers illustrate that these metamaterials of silicon holed clusters are suitable for anapole mode manifestation accompanied by full transparency effects.
Besides classical dipole moments, the metaparticles are characterized by toroidal dipole moments that are important for numerous applications ranging from strong field localizations to anapole modes and the dynamic Aharonov–Bohm effect. On the other hand, the toroidal and electric dipole radiation are undistinguished by external observers due to identical radiation patterns. Therefore, the importance of toroidal dipole moments in multipole expansion is questioned by many researchers. However, a long‐awaited unanswered question is—what is going on inside a toroidal metamolecule and is its near‐field distribution distinct from the electric dipole field? Herein, the toroidal dipole mode is experimentally confirmed in situ by proof‐of‐concept measurements of electric and magnetic fields inside properly fabricated water metamolecules with toroidal topology in the microwave frequency range.
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