La cachaza y vinaza, residuos de la agroindustria azucarera, tienen un impacto negativo cuando se vierten en cuerpos de agua y positivo cuando se aplica al suelo. El objetivo de esta nota de investigación fue analizar los efectos sobre las propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas del suelo después deaplicarcachazayvinaza.Asícomodeterminarlasventajas y desventajas del uso de estos dos subproductos en el cultivo de caña de azúcar. El uso de compost de cachaza beneficia las propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas del suelo. La aplicación de vinaza benef icia principalmente propiedades químicas y biológicas del suelo. El uso de estos subproductos en el cultivo de caña de azúcar como enmienda orgánica del suelo resulta en ventajas debido a sus características físico-químicas.
Global phenomena such as climate change threaten the resilience of agroecosystems and therefore food security. Thus, the objective of this paper was to analyze the cumulative nature and outstanding advances in the knowledge of the resilience of agroecosystems as a basis for the development of new trends in the subject. A literature review was conducted using the Web of Science database, considering criteria such as date of publication, disciplines and scientific journals. The search covers the period from 1993 to 2020. One hundred eighty-eight publications were identified, with 2018 and 2019 being the years with the highest number of articles published. The research areas with the most publications on resilience are ecology (71), agriculture (52) and environmental sciences (44). Regarding the connectivity based on the value of intermediate centrality, the areas of greatest interrelationship are mainly: agriculture (0.45), science and technology (0.28), environmental sciences (0.2) and ecology (0.12). In the dynamics and study of resilience, the adaptability of the agroecosystem stands out. The conceptual model of resilience analyzed facilitates its study and is composed of: precariousness, latitude, resistance and panarchy. Therefore, the indicators for quantifying resilience in agroecosystems are heterogeneous and multidimensional. It is concluded that resilience has been conceptually studied as an emerging property from the agroecological approach, recently from the socioecological systems approach, where adaptability and interdiscipline are highlighted as a means to solve complex problems.
<p><strong>Background.</strong> Climate change puts pressure on the agroecosystems, and the cultivation of <em>Coffea arabica</em> may not be resilient under these conditions. <strong>Objective.</strong> The objective of this study was to determine the impact of climate change on coffee agroecosystem resilience. <strong>Methodology.</strong> <em>Maxent </em>software was applied to model current and future scenarios. The current scenario was developed using 19 bioclimatic variables obtained from the <em>Worldclim</em> database with climate records for the period 1960-1990. As for the future scenario, the impact of climate change was modeled based on climate projections for the year 2050 using 3 different global climate models: CCCMA, HADCM3, and CSIRO. The variables in this study were analyzed using <em>Statistica</em> and <em>Gephi</em> software. <strong>Results</strong>. The results showed under the climate change scenario that 15% of the plots were distributed in unsuitable / non-resilient areas and 85% in moderately suitable and suitable/resilient areas for the establishment of <em>C. arabica</em>. Also, the adaptation indicators showed a higher frequency (30) of negative values in coffee agroecosystem (C-AES) plots in areas of both high impact and low impact. <strong>Implications</strong>. The data could allow the redesign of the coffee agroecosystems to improve the weak elements of its structure. Even the structure reinforcement could be direct with farmers or by public politics, government institutions, organizations, and coffee businessmen. <strong>Conclusion.</strong> It was concluded that after 2050, the conditions for coffee cultivation will be reduced and as a consequence, the proportion of plots at lower altitudes will remain outside the optimal environmental conditions.<em> </em>On the other hand, there will be plots within the area with suitable conditions for cultivating <em>C. arabica, </em>therefore these will be resilient to climate change, but these will need to establish precise adaptation strategies for the disturbances that will take place in the immediate future.</p><div id="gtx-trans" style="position: absolute; left: 163px; top: 89.9861px;"> </div>
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