Abstract. The purpose of this study was to reveal the changes in properties of deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) processed high speed steel, in comparison to conventional heat treatment for secondary hardness. Tool properties were assessed in terms of hardness, and tensile strength. Statistically significant enhancement in the mechanical properties was observed. Cryogenic processing of HSS tool steel eliminated the retained austenite, and hence increased the hardness of the material. This treatment initiated nucleation sites for precipitation of large numbers of very fine carbide particles.Tensile values for cryogenically treated HSS samples can be attributed to the fact that the tool becomes more brittle after the treatment. XRD analysis illustrated the contraction in lattice of martensite and austenite. Deep cryogenic treatment practically removed all traces of austenite in the sample. The superior performance of cryogenically treated HSS can be attributed to the transformation of almost all retained austenite into martensite, a harder structure and precipitation of fine and hard carbides.
This paper presents design, analysis and development of a highly aerodynamic and a near zero emission single seater three wheeler unfrozen hawk prototype vehicle that is powered by hydrogen fuel cell. The vehicle is designed with a tadpole configuration and gullwing doors to achieve low drag and a streamlined half body. The pressure and velocity distribution with an optimal value of drag coefficient are established using computational fluid dynamic analysis. The hydrogen consumption and heat generated in the fuel cell and brushless direct current motor are analyzed for various cases. The study concluded to show a reduction in power and fuel consumption of designed prototype vehicle to give better fuel economy and overall performance.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.