Este artigo busca apresentar o processo de endividamento público do Estado de Minas
Gerais e as recentes alternativas que vêm sendo propostas para contornar a atual crise
financeira. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica, documental, descritiva e quantitativa
com coleta de dados governamentais públicos. No final de 2016, o governo declarou situação de
calamidade financeira e, desde então, vem tendo dificuldades para pagar os salários dos
servidores públicos. Em relação às alternativas para superação da crise financeira,
verifica-se que nenhuma teve impactos significativos até o presente momento.
UNESCO-MAB biosphere reserves are composed of 580 sites distributed in 112 countries. The ecosystems comprising these sites are of global importance because of their biodiversity and endemism levels as well as because of their ecosystem goods and services provided. Biosphere reserves are learning sites for sustainable development. However many of them are threatened because of climate change, land use changes and environmental pollution which cause the degradation of natural resources. In order to mitigate those threats we argue that private and public policies as well as the perception of the value of natural resources by the population should be improved. The objective of the present article is to analyse the application and impacts of economic tools as the payment of ecosystem services in the management of the Serra do Espinhaço Biosphere Reserve. This area was declared biosphere reserve in June 2005, it has 3 076 457.8 ha, which includes 53 municipalities in the state of Minas Gerais (Brazil) with a total population of 3 442 906 inhabitants. Economic tools have been used to revert or compensate the impacts of a large mining exploitation area located in the transition zone of this site. The ecological ICMS (Merchandise and Service Circulation Tax) that provides the municipalities with access to funding resources according to environmental criteria is analysed. Mining is the most important economic activity in the area which is a major user of land and water resources in the region. They compensate the municipalities financially for the extraction of natural resources. Both economic tools, the ecological ICMS and mining royalties, are here proposed as elements to be used to improve the social dialogue process. The decisions related to the financial resources should be considered based on the social dialogue as well as on the scientific and monitoring data. In addition, reinforce the positive effects of the participation of stakeholders.
O presente artigo verificou os efeitos da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal (LRF) sobre as despesas com pessoal (DTPs) dos municípios do estado de Minas Gerais, por meio da análise de cenários fiscais. Foi realizado um histórico dos marcos legais de controle das despesas com pessoal e uma revisão da literatura sobre os fatores determinantes para esse tipo de despesa. A partir de dados do Índice Mineiro de Responsabilidade Social (IMRS), divulgados pela Fundação João Pinheiro, foram analisados cenários a partir da edição da LRF, com base nos quais se comparou o comportamento dos gastos públicos municipais com pessoal por faixa populacional, no período de 2000 a 2017. A análise da receita permitiu inferir que quanto maior o índice populacional, maior será a receita, além de identificar que os municípios com menor número de habitantes são mais dependentes de transferências intergovernamentais. Verificou-se um crescimento considerável das DTPs entre 2000 e 2017.
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