The objective of this study is to blend the South Sumatera low rank coal and palm shell charcoal for producing bio-coal briquettes which have better fuel properties. The experimental study for making biocoal briquettes was carried out to examine the effect of raw material composition and binder type on the quality of the briquettes produced. A screw conveyor machine equipped with a three blade stirred and designed with the length of 40 cm, mixing process diameter of 10 cm and the capacity of 2 kg bio-coal briquettes per hour was used to produce bio-coal briquettes ready to use in small industries. Proxymate analyses of the South Sumatera low rank coal, palm shell charcoals and bio-coal briquettes were conducted in accordance with the American Society of Testings and Materials (ASTM) standards and the calorific value was determined by using a Bomb calorimeter. The experimental results showed that the calorific value of bio-coal briquette was greatly influenced by the raw material composition and the binder type. The highest calorific value was 6438 (cal/g) at the sampel of SSC65-PSC20-B15(2).
South Sumatera is one of the provinces in Indonesia that has the largest coal reserve in Indonesia. Unfortunately, the type of coal is mostly in the low-rank coal. Through a national energy policy, the government of the Republic of Indonesia has set an increased consumption of coal for domestic use. The energy derived from coal will be increased approximately 33 percent of the total Indonesia energy consumption in 2025. Currently, approximately 70 percent of Indonesia's coal production is used by the State Electricity Company as fuel for power generation, 10 percent for the manufacturer of cement, and the rest for industrial and metallurgical processes. The low-rank coal, which contents a high moisture into solution be decreased firstly and then through drying process before using in industry. In the power generation industry, usually, low-rank coal is dried naturally in a closed stockpile before being used as fuel, and spontaneous ignition happens frequently. The results show a decrease in moisture content for solar drying and using laboratory scale oven. Solar drying depends on the solar radiation falling onto the surface, so coal drying depends on highly weather and time.
This experiment was carried out to reduce excess heat in solar panels and increase the output power generated by the 100 Wp monocrystalline solar panel by applying perforated aluminum plates as a Passive Cooling Technique on solar panels. The energy source used is 12 W halogen lamps as a substitute for solar energy and data collection is carried out with a solar panel rack height of 350 mm. The resulting data will be recorded automatically by a datalogger based on Arduino Mega 2560 and stored on a Micro SD Card which is operated via a computer. The perforated aluminium plate used has the length of 1000 mm, the width of 670 mm, the thickness of 2 mm, the hole diameter of 2.5 mm and the distance between the center points of the hole of 20 mm. In this experimental research, the best results of PV panels equipped with perforated aluminium plate are the voltage of 13.25 V, the current of 4.36 A, the under temperature of 32.0C, and the output power of 57.77 W.
The problem in renewable energy technology is the capacity stability, battery life and sustainability of energy supply. Similarly, it applies to solar power plant or Solar Home System (SHS). To deal with the required Solar Charge Controller (SCC), the form of electronic equipment that implements the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technology in the lead acid battery capacity 120 Ah to set battery charging function and current discharging from battery to load generated by solar Photovoltaic (SPV) Amorphous 80 Wp. Research has been done for systems that work well through the testing phase and data retrieval at the research laboratories. Performance SCC generates the largest current on the current panel 2.08 ampere, at 13.00 pm Use the load Head light of 10 W, 15 W, and 20 W. The load of 10 W generates a current of 0.850.92 A, at a load of 15 W generates a current of 1.23-1.26 A and on Load of 20 W generates a current of 1.77-1.79 A.
This study aims to obtain a method of producing liquid smoke as a latex freezing material using a pyrolysis reactor equipped with a counter flow condenser with a cold water cooling medium. The raw materials as local wisdom studied were coconut shells and oil palm shells, abundant in South Sumatra. The condensation process uses a shell and tube type heat exchanger with counter flow. The raw materials were pyrolyzed with time variations of 180, 240 and 300 minutes. The production of liquid smoke with a pyrolysis duration of 300 minutes has the highest yield values of 36,66% and 29,74%, respectively, for the the raw materials of oil palm shell and coconut shell. The average amounts of tar separated from liquid smoke in a settling tank are 8.13% and 8.08%, respectively, for raw materials of oil palm shell and coconut shell.
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