Ovarian cancer mortality rates hold a leading position among women’s cancer, which is primarily associated with the pathogenetic features of ovarian cancer, the heterogeneity of the disease, the lack of effective screening and diagnostic methods for early cancer detection. The causes of most ovarian tumors remain unknown. Ovarian benign tumors and tumor-like formations are not among the risk factors of ovarian cancer. The purpose of this literature review is to highlight the latest data from world expert organizations on the possibilities of ovarian neoplasm diagnosis and treatment.
Currently, tamoxifen is the gold standard in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, which reduces recurrent tumor risk by more than 40%. Tamoxifen, which belongs to selective estrogen receptor modulators, can cause endometrial changes in women of different age groups and increase the risk of hyperplasia and endometrial cancer by several times. In clinical practice, the occurrence of various endometrial alterations during tamoxifen treatment often leads to groundless drug withdrawal. Oncology, gynecology and radiology community knowledge related to optimal methods and criteria for diagnosing different tamoxifen-induced endometrial conditions, as well as in choosing the optimal treatment tactics, will be instrumental in the unified and correct approach to managing patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and maintaining tamoxifen therapy due to its high effectiveness.
The article provides an overview of the possible causes of bleeding from the genital tract in peri- and postmenopausal women. The correct approach to patients with abnormal uterine bleeding during menopausal hormone therapy is described. A modern analysis of data on the diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding against the background of menopausal hormone therapy was carried out. The modern possibilities of endometrial diagnostics and treatment are shown.
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