Metformin was not effective in reducing BMI and preventing GDM in obese pregnant women.

Objective Does the use of metformin have an influence on the outcomes of preeclampsia (PE)? Sources of Data The descriptors pregnancy, metformin, treatment, and preeclampsia associated with the Boolean operators AND and OR were found in the MEDLINE, LILACS, Embase and Cochrane databases. A flowchart with exclusion criteria and inclusion strategy using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, and eligibility criteria was used. Data were extracted regarding the type of study, the applied dosage, treatment time, segment, bias risks, and the Patient, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome (PICO) strategy to identify the quality of the study. Selection of Studies Total number of journals in the initial search (n ¼ 824); exclusions from repeated articles on different search engines (n ¼ 253); exclusions after reading the titles, when the title had no correlations with the proposed theme (n ¼ 164); exclusions due to incompatibility with the criteria established in the methodological analysis (n ¼ 185), exclusion of articles with lower correlation with the objective of the present study (n ¼ 187); and final bibliographic selection (n ¼ 35). Data Collection At first, a systematic review of the literature was performed. Subsequently, from the main selection, randomized and non-randomized trials with metformin that presented their results in absolute and relative numbers of PE outcomes were selected. The variables were treated statistically in the meta-analysis with the Review Manager software (RevMan), version 5.3. Copenhagen: Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration. Denmark in the Hovedistaden region. Synthesis of Data The study showed that metmorfin presented greater preventive effects for pregnancy-induced hypertension and was less effective for PE.

Objective: To evaluate the use of metformin for preventing cesarean deliveries and large-forgestational-age (LGA) newborn (NB) outcomes in non-diabetic obese pregnant women. Subjects and methods: This is a randomized clinical trial with obese pregnant women, divided into 2 groups: metformin group and control group, with followed-up prenatal routine. The gestational age of participants was less than or equal to 20 weeks and were monitored throughout entire prenatal period. For outcomes of delivery and LGA newborns, absolute risk reduction (ARR) and the number needed to treat (NNT) were calculated with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: 357 pregnant women were evaluated. From the metformin group (n = 171), 68 (39.8%) subjects underwent cesarean delivery, and 117 (62.9%) subjects from the control group (n = 186) had intercurrence (p < 0.01). As for the mothers' general characteristics, there was significance for marital status (p < 0.01). Maternalfetal results presented reduced preeclampsia (p < 0,01). Primary prophylactic results presented an ARR of 23.1 times (95% CI: 13.0-33.4) with NNT of 4 (95% CI: 3.0-7.7) and no significant values for LGA NB (p > 0.01). Secondary prophylactic outcomes presented decreased odds ratio for preeclampsia (OR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.10-0.41). Conclusion: The use of metformin reduced cesarean section rates, resulted in a small number of patients to be treated, but it did not reduce LGA NB. Administering a lower dosage of metformin from the early stages to the end of treatment may yield significant results with fewer side effects.

Objective To evaluate the factors associated with the need for insulin as a complementary treatment to metformin in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods A case-control study was performed from April 2011 to February 2016 with pregnant women with GDM who needed complementary treatments besides diet and physical exercise. Those treated with metformin were compared with those who, in addition to metformin, also needed the combination with insulin. Maternal characteristics and glycemic control were evaluated. Multinomial logistic regression models were developed to evaluate the influence of different therapies on neonatal outcomes. Results A total of 475 pregnant women who needed pharmacological therapy were evaluated. Of these, 366 (77.05%) were submitted to single therapy with metformin, and 109 (22.94%) needed insulin as a complementary treatment. In the analysis of the odds ratio (OR), fasting glucose (FG) < 90 mg/dL reduced the odds of needing the combination (OR: 0.438 [0.235–0.815]; p = 0.009], as well as primiparity (OR: 0.280 [0.111–0.704]; p = 0.007]. In obese pregnant women, an increased chance of needing the combination was observed (OR: 2,072 [1,063–4,039]; p = 0,032). Conclusion Obesity resulted in an increased chance of the mother needing insulin as a complementary treatment to metformin, while FG < 90 mg/dL and primiparity were protective factors.

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NascimeNto iB et al. 264Rev assoc med Objective: To identify the changes caused by dyslipidemia and obesity in pregnancy suggesting causes for premature birth, and the prognosis for the newborn. Method: Systematic review based on the Medline, Lilacs, Embase and Cochrane library databases between 1996 and 2016. The search for studies included the following keywords: "dyslipidemia, pregnancy, obesity, preterm birth." A protocol was programmed and a protocol for inclusion/exclusion of studies was implemented. Results: Of the 5,789 articles initially selected between March 1996 and July 2016, only 32 were in accordance with the established criteria. Of these, 28.12% discussed risk factors of prematurity; 37.50%, metabolic alterations and gestational dyslipidemia; 21.87%, dyslipidemic complications in preterm birth; and 12,50%, lipid metabolism, glycemic and placental transfer. Conclusion:There is a reduced adaptation of obese pregnant women to the metabolic changes of gestation. This favors dyslipidemic intercurrences in the mother, which, directly or indirectly, suggests the occurrence of premature births and high lipid transfer to the fetus. Therefore, preterm newborns, whose mothers were dyslipidemic during pregnancy, have greater risk of epicardial fat, both in early (first year of life) and in later (adult) phases of life.

TEMA: habilidades auditivas em criança portadora de Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV). PROCEDIMENTOS: se a perda de audição não for detectada precocemente, assim como a sua etiologia, a criança terá muitos prejuízos no desenvolvimento da linguagem. Um fator que vem aumentando os índices de deficiência auditiva é a grande dose de medicamentos que os portadores de Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) devem ingerir para o controle da doença. Durante o processo de desenvolvimento da audição, o indivíduo passa pela aquisição das habilidades auditivas, que ocorrem em diferentes etapas do processo terapêutico, sendo elas: detecção, discriminação, reconhecimento auditivo introdutório, reconhecimento auditivo avançado e compreensão. Com o objetivo descrever e caracterizar as habilidades auditivas presentes em uma criança com perda auditiva inserida na abordagem oral, a pesquisa foi caracterizada como relato de caso. A criança fazia uso de dispositivo auditivo e frequentava atendimento fonoaudiológico na Clínica de Fonoaudiologia da Faculdade Estácio de Sá de Santa Catarina, em estágio supervisionado em audiologia educacional. Para coleta de dados foram filmadas quatro sessões de fonoterapia, visando a observação da presença ou ausência das habilidades auditivas. RESULTADOS: verificou-se que as habilidades auditivas de detecção, discriminação e reconhecimento auditivo introdutório estão presentes no indivíduo da pesquisa e as habilidades auditivas de reconhecimento auditivo avançado e compreensão estão em etapa de desenvolvimento, e, portanto, ausentes. CONCLUSÃO: o desenvolvimento das habilidades auditivas é imprescindível para a aquisição da linguagem oral do deficiente auditivo.

Objectives: to identify bibliographically disorders related to excess weight, dyslipidemia and their complication during pregnancy and in the fetus and newborn. Methods: a systematic review including observational and interventional studies and reviews, based on MEDLINE, LILACS, Embase and the Cochrane Library between 2000 and 2015. The key-words "lipids, pregnancy, obesity and newborn" were used to establish a selective stage for inclusion/exclusion of titles, repeated studies, key-words, abstracts, methodological incompatibility and correlation with objectives. Results: 58 studies were selected, of which 36 (62%) addressed prevention and the risk in pregnancy of excess weight and lipid disorders and 19 (32.7%) suggestions and/or consequences for the fetus and newborn. Conclusions: excess weight and lipidemic disorders in pregnancy are causes for concern in scientific studies, posing risks both for the mother and the newborn. Higher prevalence of caesarian and pre-eclampsia were the two most noteworthy complications for gestational outcomes. In short, the impact on care of maternal habits and excess weight during pregnancy is highly significant, owing to the different degrees of complication in obstetric outcomes and their influence on the clinical characteristics of the newborn.